A Review of the Ephedra genus: Distribution, Ecology, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties
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A Review of the Ephedra genus: Distribution, Ecology, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties
ethnopharmacological relevance: Viral respiratory tract infections are one of the most common infections globally, with the majority of the world’s population contractor at least one infection per year. many plant species used in traditional healing system of South Africa to treat this disease and to relieve symptoms. However, the therapeutic potential of these plants against viral respiratory disease is still under-explored.
The purpose of this study: The aim of this study was to document the southern African species of plants used in traditional medicine to treat viral respiratory infections. We also examined the extent to which the scientific evaluation of the southern African plant species against viral respiratory infections, with the aim of stimulating an interest in this area and focuses on the study in the future.
Materials and Methods: We conducted an extensive review of the book ethnobotany, reviews and major scientific studies to identify the southern African plant used in traditional medicine of South Africa to treat viral respiratory diseases. This information is used to identify gaps in the current research that requires further study.
Results: Two hundred and fifty seven southern African plant species identified as a traditional therapy for viral respiratory diseases. Surprisingly, only one of those species (and twenty-one other species are not recorded for this purpose) has been evaluated for the ability to block the production of respiratory viruses. In addition, most of these studies screened against a single viral strain and none of those studies examined the mechanism of action of the preparation plant.
Conclusion: Despite the documented record of the use of the southern African plant for treating respiratory viral disease, poorly explored field. Almost all types of plants used in traditional medicine systems to treat this disease has not been tested. More great work necessary to verify the effectiveness of traditional medicines.
A Review of the Ephedra genus: Distribution, Ecology, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties
Plants Used in antivenom therapy in Rural Kenya: Ethnobotany and Future Perspectives
Snake envenomation is a neglected tropical disease that has left a death toll unbearable and severe socio-economic losses in Kenya. In a continued effort to identify some of the botanical species antiophidic East Africa, a study produced this information ethnobotany in plants antivenom was reported in Kenya, with a view to identifying potential species that can be worn in vitro and clinical studies for possible development into antivenoms.
Data retrieved through searches carried out in databases multidisciplinary (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and the Scientific Electronic Library Online) showed that 54 plant species belonging to 45 genera, distributed among 27 families, which are used for the management of snakebite in Kenya.
Most species belong to the Asteraceae family (11%), Malvaceae (11%), Fabaceae (9%), Annonaceae (6%), Combretaceae (6%), and Lamiaceae (6%). The main growth habit of the species is as herbs (35%), shrubs (33%), and trees (28%). Ethnomedicinal preparation used in treating snake venom is usually of the leaves (48%), roots (26%) and bark (8%) through decoctions, infusions, powders, and juices are applied topically or given orally.
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Description: DescriptionFor research use only. Not to be used for diagnostic purposes.Intact Genomics COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus detection kit is used for in vitro detection of SARS-CoV-2 using Real-Time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was announced as the etiological agent of cases of pneumonia outbreak. This Coronavirus detection kit allows efficient cDNA synthesis and qPCR in a single tube. This probe based one step RTqPCR 2x master mix contains Reverse Transcriptase, Taq DNA polymerase, RNase inhibitor, MgCl2, dNTPs, stabilizers and low ROX reference dye with proprietary buffer providing improved RT-qPCR efficiency, wider dynamic range, superior sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the kit contains CDC recommended primers/ probe sets. This kit can be used to detect SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory specimens such as sputum, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal aspirates, washes or swabs and tracheal aspirates.IgScript™ Reverse Transcriptase is a recombinant MMLV reverse transcriptase with reduced RNase H activity, increased thermostability and can produce cDNA from small amount of total RNA for real-time RT-qPCR analysis and other applications. Taq DNA Polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase that possesses a 5´→3´ polymerase (1, 2) and a 5´→3´ exonuclease activity (3, 4). The amplification step features a high quality Taq DNA Polymerase which offers robust, reliable and better amplification.Product Includes:RT-qPCR 2x master mixCDC recommended primer/probe setsCOVID-19 positive control (PTC)
Description: Blood Direct 2x PCR Master Mix enables fast and easy amplification of target DNA from whole blood samples. The master mix is optimized for DNA amplification directly from whole blood samples and does not require prior DNA purification or lysis of the blood sample. The ready-to-use master mix is 2x concentrated and contains all reagents required for a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) . The combination of an antibody-blocked hot-start polymerase and an optimized buffer system enables high robustness, sensitivity and reproducibility.Properties:Ready-to-use- Transfer blood sample (1-3 µl) directly into the master mix and start the PCR reactionOne-step- The process takes place in a single reaction vesselQuick & easy to perform: No complex, time-consuming lysis, DNA isolation and washing stepsHigh sensitivity- Excellent for genes that are frequently examined in the same way in routine screeningSuitable for genomic DNA from blood samples
Description: Blood Direct 2x PCR Master Mix enables fast and easy amplification of target DNA from whole blood samples. The master mix is optimized for DNA amplification directly from whole blood samples and does not require prior DNA purification or lysis of the blood sample. The ready-to-use master mix is 2x concentrated and contains all reagents required for a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) . The combination of an antibody-blocked hot-start polymerase and an optimized buffer system enables high robustness, sensitivity and reproducibility.Properties:Ready-to-use- Transfer blood sample (1-3 µl) directly into the master mix and start the PCR reactionOne-step- The process takes place in a single reaction vesselQuick & easy to perform: No complex, time-consuming lysis, DNA isolation and washing stepsHigh sensitivity- Excellent for genes that are frequently examined in the same way in routine screeningSuitable for genomic DNA from blood samples
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Description: Tissue Direct 2x PCR master mixis optimized for the amplification of target DNAdirectly from human or animal tissueand does not require prior DNA purification. The ready-to-use master mix is 2-fold concentrated and contains all the reagents required for a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) . The combination of an antibody-blocked hot-start polymerase and an optimized buffer system enables high robustness, sensitivity and reproducibility.Our Tissue direct 2x PCR master mix is delivered in combinationwith an optimized extraction buffer, which enables a fast lysis (approx. 5-10 min) of your tissue. Tissue direct 2x PCR master mix enables fast and easy PCR preparation from human and animal tissue as well as cell lysates.Properties:Ready-to-use- transfer lysed sample directly into the Mastermix and start the PCR reactionOne-step- The process takes place in a single reaction vesselQuick & easy to perform- No time-consuming DNA isolationHigh sensitivity- Excellently suited for frequently analyzed genes within routine screening
Description: Tissue Direct 2x PCR master mixis optimized for the amplification of target DNAdirectly from human or animal tissueand does not require prior DNA purification. The ready-to-use master mix is 2-fold concentrated and contains all the reagents required for a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) . The combination of an antibody-blocked hot-start polymerase and an optimized buffer system enables high robustness, sensitivity and reproducibility.Our Tissue direct 2x PCR master mix is delivered in combinationwith an optimized extraction buffer, which enables a fast lysis (approx. 5-10 min) of your tissue. Tissue direct 2x PCR master mix enables fast and easy PCR preparation from human and animal tissue as well as cell lysates.Properties:Ready-to-use- transfer lysed sample directly into the Mastermix and start the PCR reactionOne-step- The process takes place in a single reaction vesselQuick & easy to perform- No time-consuming DNA isolationHigh sensitivity- Excellently suited for frequently analyzed genes within routine screening
Description: Plant direct 2x PCR Mastermixis optimized for the amplification of target DNAdirectly from plant cells or seedsand does not require prior DNA purification. The ready-to-use Mastermix is 2-fold concentrated and contains all the reagents required for a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) . The combination of an antibody-blocked hot-start polymerase and an optimized buffer system enables high robustness, sensitivity and reproducibility.Our Plant direct 2x PCR Mastermix is supplied in combinationwith an optimized extraction buffer, which enables rapid lysis (approx. 5-10 min) of your plant parts. Plant direct 2x PCR Mastermix enables quick and easy PCR preparation from plant cells, plant tissue and seeds.Properties:Ready-to-use- transfer lysed sample directly into the Mastermix and start the PCR reactionOne-step- The process takes place in a single reaction vesselQuick & easy to perform- No time-consuming DNA isolationHigh sensitivity- Excellently suited for frequently analyzed genes within routine screening
The species most frequently encountered are Combretum collinum, Euclea divinorum, Fuerstia africana, Grewia fallax, Microglossa pyrifolia, Solanecio mannii, and Solanum incanum. indigenous knowledge in medicine in Kenya antivenom therapy is humongous, and therefore research to isolate and evaluate the antivenom in the plant compound claimed prompted to allow the use of their confidence in antivenom therapy alongside commercial antivenin sera.
