The traditional use of southern African medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial respiratory diseases: A review of the ethnobotany and scientific evaluations

ethnopharmacological relevance: Several plant species traditionally used in South Africa to treat bacterial respiratory disease. This review summarizes and highlights the use of this plant species that are not verified for this activity.


The purpose of the study: This manuscript reviews the use of traditional southern African plant species to treat bacterial respiratory disease with the aim of highlighting the gaps in the literature and the focus of future studies.


Materials and Methods: An extensive review of the book ethnobotany, reviews and the primary scientific studies conducted to identify the southern African plant used in traditional medicine of South Africa to treat bacterial respiratory disease. We are also looking for a southern African plant inhibitory activity against bacterial respiratory pathogens have conmfirmed, highlight gaps in the literature and future focus.


Results: One hundred and eighty seven southern African plant species are recorded as a traditional treatment for bacterial respiratory infections. scientific evaluation of 178 plant species recorded, although only 42 of them have been selected for screening on the basis of their ethnobotanical use. Therefore, the potential of the 146 species used teraditionally to treat bacterial respiratory disease has not been verified.


Conclusion: The properties of inhibition of the southern African medicinal plants against bacterial respiratory pathogens is relatively under-explored and the antibacterial activity of plant species that most remains to be verified.

 The traditional use of southern African medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial respiratory diseases: A review of the ethnobotany and scientific evaluations
The traditional use of southern African medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial respiratory diseases: A review of the ethnobotany and scientific evaluations

A Review of the genus Ephedra: Distribution, Ecology, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology Property

Ephedra is one of the largest genera of the family Ephedraceae, which are distributed in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. In traditional medicine from several countries some species of the genus are commonly used to treat asthma, cold, flu, chills, fever, headache, nasal congestion, and cough. Chemical constituents of species Ephedra has attracted research for decades because of its content of ephedrine-alkaloid and its pharmacological properties.

other chemical constituents such as phenolic and amino acid derivatives has also resulted in interesting and has given advocates the use of evidence-based ethnomedical from Ephedra species. In recent years, research has expanded to explore the diversity of endophytic fungi associated with Ephedra species, as well as, the chemical constituents are derived from these mushrooms and their pharmacological bioprospecting.

Two additional aspects that describe the chemical diversity of the genus Ephedra is chemotaxonomic approach and the use of ephedrine-alkaloid as a building block in organic synthesis. American Ephedra species, especially those in Mexico, are considered to lack the type of ephedrine alkaloids. In this sense, phytochemical studies Mexican species Ephedra is a promising area of ​​research to strengthen them ephedrine alkaloid-type content and, in turn, discover new chemical compounds with potential biological activity.

Deoxy+ OneStep RT-PCR Kit, 100 preps

FYT503-100P 1 vial Ask for price

igScript One Step RT-PCR Kit - 100 Reactions

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hsa-mir-100-3p RT-PCR Detection Kit

20-abx096084
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  • EUR 878.40
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  • 100 rxns
  • 200 rxns
  • 50 rxns

PCR Mycoplasma Detection Kit

M034-Kit Kit
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hsa-mir-100 RT-PCR Primer Set

abx096837-1nmol 1 nmol
EUR 343.2

amfiRivert 1-Step RT-PCR Kit

R5003-100 100 rxns
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0.2ML CLEAR STRIP CAPS FOR REAL TIME PCR

PCR-2CP-RT-C 125/pk
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Description: PCR Plates & Tubes; PCR Strip Tubes and Strip Caps - Axygen

hsa-mir-100-3p RT-PCR Primer Set

abx096838-1nmol 1 nmol
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Sealing film, PCR 96 Well Plate Sealing Membrane, 100/pk

P1001-PCR 100/pack
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Description: Sealing film PCR 96 Well Plate Sealing Membrane

hsa-mir-100 RT-PCR Detection and U6 Calibration Kit

20-abx096460
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  • 100 rxns
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ranavirus RT PCR kit

RTq-V337-100D 100T
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ranavirus RT PCR kit

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ranavirus RT PCR kit

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Ruminococcus RT PCR kit

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Description: A Real-Time PCR kit for detection of Ruminococcus .

Ruminococcus RT PCR kit

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Description: A Real-Time PCR kit for detection of Ruminococcus .

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Description: A Real-Time PCR kit for detection of Ruminococcus .

Bifidobacterium RT PCR kit

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Description: A Real-Time PCR kit for detection of Bifidobacterium .

Bifidobacterium RT PCR kit

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Description: A Real-Time PCR kit for detection of Bifidobacterium .

Bifidobacterium RT PCR kit

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Description: A Real-Time PCR kit for detection of Bifidobacterium .

Pospiviroid RT PCR kit

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Pospiviroid RT PCR kit

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Pospiviroid RT PCR kit

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Lactobacillus RT PCR kit

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Lactobacillus RT PCR kit

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Lactobacillus RT PCR kit

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Lactococcus RT PCR kit

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Lactococcus RT PCR kit

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Lactococcus RT PCR kit

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Leuconostoc RT PCR kit

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Leuconostoc RT PCR kit

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Pediococcus RT PCR kit

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Pediococcus RT PCR kit

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Pediococcus RT PCR kit

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Halobacillus RT PCR kit

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Halobacillus RT PCR kit

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Enterovirus RT PCR kit

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Enterovirus RT PCR kit

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Enterovirus RT PCR kit

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Mengovirus RT PCR kit

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Mengovirus RT PCR kit

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Astrovirus RT PCR kit

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Astrovirus RT PCR kit

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Astrovirus RT PCR kit

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Calicivirus RT PCR kit

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EUR 1573.2

Calicivirus RT PCR kit

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Calicivirus RT PCR kit

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Adenovirus RT PCR kit

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Adenovirus RT PCR kit

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Polyomavirus RT PCR kit

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Polyomavirus RT PCR kit

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Polyomavirus RT PCR kit

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Ruminococcus RT PCR kit

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Ruminococcus RT PCR kit

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Ruminococcus RT PCR kit

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Bifidobacterium RT PCR kit

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Bifidobacterium RT PCR kit

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Bifidobacterium RT PCR kit

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Sapovirus RT PCR kit

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Sapovirus RT PCR kit

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Parechovirus RT PCR kit

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Parechovirus RT PCR kit

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Parechovirus RT PCR kit

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Metapneumovirus RT PCR kit

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Metapneumovirus RT PCR kit

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Metapneumovirus RT PCR kit

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Entamoeba RT PCR kit

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Entamoeba RT PCR kit

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Entamoeba RT PCR kit

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Acanthamoeba RT PCR kit

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Acanthamoeba RT PCR kit

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Acanthamoeba RT PCR kit

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Echovirus RT PCR kit

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Echovirus RT PCR kit

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Echovirus RT PCR kit

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EUR 1155.6

hsa-mir-100-3p RT-PCR Detection and U6 Calibration Kit

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MULTIPLEX KIT PCR MASTITIS PCR kit

PCR-MPX218-48D 50T
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MULTIPLEX KIT PCR MASTITIS PCR kit

PCR-MPX218-96D 100T
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PCR Purification Kit (100 preps)

9K-006-0003 100preps
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MULTIPLEX KIT PCR Babesia & Theileria PCR kit

PCR-MPX401-48D 50T
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MULTIPLEX KIT PCR Babesia & Theileria PCR kit

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One Step RT PCR Kit

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One-Step RT-PCR Kit

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RT-PCR Control Template Kit

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Theileria annulata RT PCR kit

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Theileria annulata RT PCR kit

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Theileria parva RT PCR kit

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Theileria parva RT PCR kit

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Aegyptianella pullorum RT PCR kit

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Aegyptianella pullorum RT PCR kit

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Theileria sp. RT PCR kit

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Anaplasma ovis RT PCR kit

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Anaplasma ovis RT PCR kit

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Anaplasma ovis RT PCR kit

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Babesia ovis RT PCR kit

RTq-V305-100D 100T
EUR 860.4

Babesia ovis RT PCR kit

RTq-V305-150D 150T
EUR 969.6

Therefore, this review is a compilation of the key to all the relevant information to the genus Ephedra, especially the American species, species distribution, ecological interactions, they, ethnobotany that, phytochemical and pharmacological activity and toxicity, in order to promote a clear direction for future research.