The traditional use of southern African medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial respiratory diseases: A review of the ethnobotany and scientific evaluations
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The traditional use of southern African medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial respiratory diseases: A review of the ethnobotany and scientific evaluations
ethnopharmacological relevance: Several plant species traditionally used in South Africa to treat bacterial respiratory disease. This review summarizes and highlights the use of this plant species that are not verified for this activity.
The purpose of the study: This manuscript reviews the use of traditional southern African plant species to treat bacterial respiratory disease with the aim of highlighting the gaps in the literature and the focus of future studies.
Materials and Methods: An extensive review of the book ethnobotany, reviews and the primary scientific studies conducted to identify the southern African plant used in traditional medicine of South Africa to treat bacterial respiratory disease. We are also looking for a southern African plant inhibitory activity against bacterial respiratory pathogens have conmfirmed, highlight gaps in the literature and future focus.
Results: One hundred and eighty seven southern African plant species are recorded as a traditional treatment for bacterial respiratory infections. scientific evaluation of 178 plant species recorded, although only 42 of them have been selected for screening on the basis of their ethnobotanical use. Therefore, the potential of the 146 species used teraditionally to treat bacterial respiratory disease has not been verified.
Conclusion: The properties of inhibition of the southern African medicinal plants against bacterial respiratory pathogens is relatively under-explored and the antibacterial activity of plant species that most remains to be verified.
The traditional use of southern African medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial respiratory diseases: A review of the ethnobotany and scientific evaluations
A Review of the genus Ephedra: Distribution, Ecology, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology Property
Ephedra is one of the largest genera of the family Ephedraceae, which are distributed in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. In traditional medicine from several countries some species of the genus are commonly used to treat asthma, cold, flu, chills, fever, headache, nasal congestion, and cough. Chemical constituents of species Ephedra has attracted research for decades because of its content of ephedrine-alkaloid and its pharmacological properties.
other chemical constituents such as phenolic and amino acid derivatives has also resulted in interesting and has given advocates the use of evidence-based ethnomedical from Ephedra species. In recent years, research has expanded to explore the diversity of endophytic fungi associated with Ephedra species, as well as, the chemical constituents are derived from these mushrooms and their pharmacological bioprospecting.
Two additional aspects that describe the chemical diversity of the genus Ephedra is chemotaxonomic approach and the use of ephedrine-alkaloid as a building block in organic synthesis. American Ephedra species, especially those in Mexico, are considered to lack the type of ephedrine alkaloids. In this sense, phytochemical studies Mexican species Ephedra is a promising area of research to strengthen them ephedrine alkaloid-type content and, in turn, discover new chemical compounds with potential biological activity.
Description: Our ready to use PCR buffer contains several components essential for the PCR reaction. The PCR reaction buffer helps to maintain a stable pH during the PCR reaction. It also contains a salt that helps to maintain the integrity of the DNA during the reaction and also enhances the activity of the DNA polymerase enzyme.
Description: DescriptionFor research use only. Not to be used for diagnostic purposes.Intact Genomics COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus detection kit is used for in vitro detection of SARS-CoV-2 using Real-Time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was announced as the etiological agent of cases of pneumonia outbreak. This Coronavirus detection kit allows efficient cDNA synthesis and qPCR in a single tube. This probe based one step RTqPCR 2x master mix contains Reverse Transcriptase, Taq DNA polymerase, RNase inhibitor, MgCl2, dNTPs, stabilizers and low ROX reference dye with proprietary buffer providing improved RT-qPCR efficiency, wider dynamic range, superior sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the kit contains CDC recommended primers/ probe sets. This kit can be used to detect SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory specimens such as sputum, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal aspirates, washes or swabs and tracheal aspirates.IgScript™ Reverse Transcriptase is a recombinant MMLV reverse transcriptase with reduced RNase H activity, increased thermostability and can produce cDNA from small amount of total RNA for real-time RT-qPCR analysis and other applications. Taq DNA Polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase that possesses a 5´→3´ polymerase (1, 2) and a 5´→3´ exonuclease activity (3, 4). The amplification step features a high quality Taq DNA Polymerase which offers robust, reliable and better amplification.Product Includes:RT-qPCR 2x master mixCDC recommended primer/probe setsCOVID-19 positive control (PTC)
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Description: IDO1 Reaction Solution is an optimized, proprietary formulation containing all the necessary reaction components for IDO1-catalyzed conversion of L-tryptophan (L-Trp) to kynurenine (Kyn) in in vitro enzyme activity assays. This product is intended to be used with the BPS IDO1 Inhibitor Screening Assay Kit (BPS Cat. #72021) and/or with purified, active IDO1, His-tag (BPS Cat. #71182) in combination with 1x IDO1 Assay Buffer (BPS Cat. #73002).
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Description: IDO1 Fluorogenic Reaction Solution is an optimized, proprietary formulation containing all the necessary reaction components for IDO1-catalyzed conversion of L-tryptophan (L-Trp) to kynurenine (Kyn) in in vitro enzyme activity assays. This product is intended to be used with the BPS Human IDO1 Fluorogenic Inhibitor Screening Assay Kit (BPS Cat. #72037 &Cat. #72047) and/or with purified, active IDO1, His-tag (BPS Cat. #71182) in combination with 1x IDO1 Assay Buffer (BPS Cat. #73002).
Therefore, this review is a compilation of the key to all the relevant information to the genus Ephedra, especially the American species, species distribution, ecological interactions, they, ethnobotany that, phytochemical and pharmacological activity and toxicity, in order to promote a clear direction for future research.
