Ethnobotany of dye plants in Southern Italy, Mediterranean Basin: floristic catalog and two centuries of analysis of traditional botanical knowledge heritage
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Ethnobotany of dye plants in Southern Italy, Mediterranean Basin: floristic catalog and two centuries of analysis of traditional botanical knowledge heritage
Background: Since ancient times, humans have learned to use the plant to obtain natural dyes, but this traditional botanical knowledge (TBK) is eroding. In the late 1800s, during, and early, there is an increase in research related to the coloring species, and this allows the industrial and economic development within the context of rural southern Italy. Today, the dye is mainly derived from synthetic products, and this leads to human health risks associated with pollution.
Methods: From the literature, three catalogs of dyeing species (plants, algae, fungi, and algae) used in the Mediterranean Basin and especially in southern Italy has been created. The percentage of parts used and the color extracted from the species have been recorded and analyzed. The plant species that exist in the catalog has been verified in the region of Southern Italy, and the data that has been registered. A survey conducted ethnobotany, in the region of Southern Italy, to verify the level of erosion of traditional botanical knowledge, associated with dyeing ethnobotany, from time to time.
Results: A total of 524 species recorded in plants, algae, fungi, and algae, and related parts used and extracted pigments. Most use concern stems and leaves, and the most frequent color is yellow. Of survey operations in the field, 283 species of plants have been verified. This represents 64.31% of the species reported in the resulting dye plant flora. The result, of ethnobotany survey showed that only 8.6% of the ICC remain in the collective memory.
Conclusion: This catalog is one of the largest in the sector and is the basis for studies related to the eco-sustainable economic recovery that will enable the development of marginal region is present throughout southern Italy.
Ethnobotany of dye plants in Southern Italy, Mediterranean Basin: floristic catalog and two centuries of analysis of traditional botanical knowledge heritage
Ethnobotany, Ethnopharmacology, phytochemical, biological activity and toxicity of Pistacia chinensis subsp. integerrima: A comprehensive review
Pistacia chinensis subsp. integerrima (J. L. Stewart ex Brandis) Rech. F. is a valuable medicinal plants used in south Asian communities for the treatment of asthma, diarrhea, diabetes, liver disease, fever, pain and inflammation. This review critically evaluate the information provided in this integerrima P. ethnobotany, Ethnopharmacology, phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicology.
Electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer Link, and so on, books and thesis which is used to find relevant information about P. integerrima using keywords such as “Pistacia integerrima,” “P. integerrima,” “Ethnopharmacology,” “Phytochemistry, ” ‘Traditional use’. A number of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activity has been reported; However, the activity of the most promising and interesting observation is its role in Alzheimer’s, diabetes, seizures, cancer, asthma, diabetes, diarrhea and as immunomodulatory, analgesic and anti-inflammatory.
Moreover, given the sour Pistagremic anti-Alzheimer’s activity based on hitherto unknown mechanism through interference with the amyloidogenic pathway. Most of the pharmacological activity associated with the traditional use. Various compounds have been reported from P. integerrima including triterpene extract, essential oils, flavonoids, fatty acids, phenolics, phytosterols, tannins and oligosaccharides and unknown triterpene and flavonoids.
Pistagremic acid, a triterpene novel, is due to most activities. in vivo toxicology studies in animals suggest the toxic dose of 1500 mg kg-1, for its methanol extract. All reported pharmacological activities carried out in vitro and gaps in the research, namely, preclinical and clinical investigations there. Outstanding activities as an agent antiglycating is the most promising and unique as far as activity and requires further evaluation. In-depth research and clinical trials on human subjects to investigate P. integerrima pharmacological activities, clinical efficacy and safety is an important next step.
