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Brown Center for Plant Genetic Resources, Missouri Botanical Garden P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299','US','rainer.bussmann@mobot.org',''),(320,151,0,1,'Stefan','','Kiefer','Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 30, BIO II, Laborbau 155, 70593 Stuttgart','DE','skiefer@sci-data.de',''),(321,152,1,1,'staline','','Kibet','National Museums of Kenya','KE','skibet1@yahoo.com',''),(322,152,0,2,'Peris','Mweru','Kariuki','National Museums of Kenya','KE','pkariuki@kenrik.org',''),(323,152,0,3,'','','','','','',''),(324,153,1,1,'Elizabeth','','Mwafongo','','','elizam@nhm.uio.no',''),(325,153,0,4,'Brita','','Stedje','Prof','','brita.stedje@nhm.uio.no',''),(326,153,0,2,'Inger','','Nordal','Prof','','inger.nordal@bio.uio.no',''),(327,154,1,1,'Fentahun Mengistu','','Tiruneh','Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Adet Research Center','ET','fentahunmen@yahoo.com',''),(328,154,0,2,'Hager','','Herbert','Institute of Forest Ecology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and applied life sciences, Vienna','AT','Herbert.hager@boku.ac.at',''),(329,155,1,1,'Campbell','','Plowden','Center for Amazon Community Ecology','','cplowden@comcast.net',''),(330,156,1,1,'Noreye','','Guanire','Dirección de Asuntos Indígenas, Ministerio de Educación. 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Mérida.','VE','anairami@ula.ve',''),(332,156,0,3,'O.','','González Ñáñez','Postgrado en Etnología, Facultad de Humanidades Universidad de los Andes, Mérida.','VE','cietomae@ula.ve',''),(333,157,1,1,'Gabriel','','Lefèvre','Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle','FR','lefevreg@yahoo.com',''),(334,158,1,1,'aminul','hoque','tushar','','BD','aminul_haque2000@yahoo.com',''),(335,159,1,1,'lait','','tiwari','','IN','ltherbal@rediffmail.com',''),(336,160,1,1,'Felix','Chiadikobi','Onyemachi','University of the Gambia','GM','chiadikobif@yahoo.com',''),(337,161,1,1,'Katesarin','','Maneenoon','','','katesarin.m@psu.ac.th',''),(338,161,0,2,'Puangpen','','Sirirugsa','','','Puangpen.s@psu.ac.th',''),(339,161,0,3,'Kitichate','','Sridith','','','Kitichate.s@psu.ac.th',''),(344,163,1,1,'Daniel','E.','Moerman','University of Michigan-Dearborn','US','dmoerman@umd.umich.edu',''),(345,164,1,1,'Muhammad Qasim','','Hayat','Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University','PK','mqasimhayat@hotmail.com',''),(346,164,0,2,'Mir Ajab','','Khan','Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University','PK','none',''),(347,164,0,3,'Mushtaq','','Ahmad','Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University','PK','none',''),(348,164,0,4,'Nighat','','Shaheen','Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University','PK','none',''),(349,164,0,5,'Ghazalah','','Yasmin','Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University','PK','none',''),(350,164,0,6,'Shamim','','Akhter','Department of Biology, University of Arid Agriculture','PK','none',''),(351,165,1,1,'Adenike','Adedayo','Ogunshe','University of Ibadan, Nigeria','NG','adenikemicro@yahoo.com',''),(352,165,0,2,'Oladipupo','A','Lawal','Department of Chemistry, University of Zululand,','ZA','ladilawal@hotmail.com',''),(353,165,0,3,'Chinedum','I','Iheakanwa','University of Ibadan','NG','pastorchinedum@yahoo.com',''),(354,153,0,3,'Zacharia','','Magombo','DR','','',''),(355,166,1,1,'Chanda','Livingston','Cooper','School of the Environment, University of South Carolina','US','ccooper@environ.sc.edu',''),(356,167,1,1,'My Lien','Thi','Nguyen','Vassar College','US','mylien.t.nguyen.gmail.com',''),(357,167,0,2,'Julia','','Wieting','University of Hawai`i','US','wieting@hawaii.edu',''),(358,167,0,3,'Katherine','T.','Doherty','University of Hawai`i','US','doherty@hawaii.edu',''),(359,168,1,1,'My Lien','Thi','Nguyen','Vassar College','US','mylien.t.nguyen.gmail.com',''),(360,168,0,2,'Katherine','T.','Doherty','University of Hawai`i','US','doherty@hawaii.edu',''),(361,168,0,3,'Julia','','Wieting','University of Hawai`i','US','wieting@hawaii.edu',''),(362,169,1,1,'Mauro','M','Martinez-Pacheco','','MX','mpacheco@zeus.umich.mx',''),(366,172,1,1,'Rani','','Singh','','IN','rani_s_singh@yahoo.co.in',''),(367,172,0,2,'NS','','Tekale','','IN','nstekale@rediffmail.com',''),(368,173,1,1,'Chiranjibi','','Pattanaik','SACON, DECCAN REGIONAL STATION','IN','chiranjibipattanaik@gmail.com',''),(369,174,1,1,'vijaya','bhasker','reddy','','IN','vijayabhaskerredy@yahoo.co.in',''),(371,176,1,1,'Senthil','','Kumar','Research Student','TW','charaljana@gmail.com',''),(372,177,1,1,'haider','','ali','university of malakand','PK','haider_botany@yahoo.com',''),(373,178,1,1,'Sergio','D.','Segura','UACh','MX','ssegura@correo.chapingo.mx',''),(375,180,1,1,'Edward','M','Treadwell','Eastern Illinois University','US','emtreadwell@eiu.edu',''),(376,180,0,2,'Thomas','Paul','Clausen','University of Alaska Fairbanks','US','fftpc@uaf.edu','http://www.uaf.edu/chem/faculty'),(377,181,1,1,'Gibji','','Nimachow','Deptt. of Geography, Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar','IN','gibji26@yahoo.co.in',''),(378,181,0,2,'Oyi','','Dai','Deptt. of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar','IN','oyidai07@yahoo.com',''),(379,182,1,1,'Todd','','Pesek','Cleveland State University','','t.pesek@csuohio.edu','http://www.csuohio.edu/chac'),(380,183,1,1,'Merlin','','Franco','Research Scholar, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Madras Christian College, Tambaram, Chennai-59, South India','IN','tropicalforezt@yahoo.co.in',''),(382,185,1,1,'Folu','','Dania Ogbe','University of Benin','NG','foluogbe@yahoo.com',''),(383,185,0,2,'Oyomoare','Lolade','Eruogun','University of Benin','NG','oyomoare@yahoo.com',''),(384,185,0,3,'Marilyn','','Uwagboe','University of Benin','NG','muwagboe2009@yahoo.com',''),(385,186,1,1,'René Bernadin','Tafokou','Jiofack','','CM','renbernadin1@yahoo.fr',''),(386,187,1,1,'Rajiv','','Mili','','IN','rajiv_mili125@yahoo.co.in',''),(387,187,0,2,'Mihin','','Dollo','','IN','mihindollo@gmail.com',''),(388,187,0,4,'Prasanna','K.','Samal','','IN','prasannasamal@rediffmail.com',''),(389,187,0,3,'S.','C.','Arya','','IN','satishcarya11@rediffmail.com',''),(390,188,1,1,'Maria','','Fadiman','Florida Atlantic University','US','mfadiman@fau.edu',''),(391,189,1,1,'Oluyemisi','F.','Kunle','National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research & Development','NG','yemisikunle@yahoo.co.uk',''),(392,189,0,2,'Oluyemisi','F.','Kunle','National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research & Development','NG','yemisikunle@yahoo.co.uk',''),(393,190,1,1,'Oluyemisi','F.','Kunle','NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT','NG','yemisikunle@yahoo.co.uk',''),(394,191,1,1,'Daniel','','Moerman','University of Michigan, Dearborn','US','dmoerman@umich.edu',''),(395,192,1,1,'Md.','Habibur','Rahman','','BD','habib_mmb30@yahoo.com',''),(396,193,1,1,'Philip','Allan','Clarke','South Australian Museum','AU','clarke.philip2@saugov.sa.gov.au','http://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/page/default.asp?site=1&id=1240'),(397,194,1,1,'nayan','','thapa','pg dept of goverment college darjeeling','IN','nayan_thapa07@yahoo.com',''),(398,195,1,1,'Kevin','','Jernigan','Ethnobotany Program, Kuskokwim Campus, University of Alaska','US','awatidiam@yahoo.com',''),(399,195,0,2,'Nico','','Dauphine','Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia','US','dauphine@uga.edu',''),(400,196,1,1,'Gail','E.','Wagner','University of South Carolina','US','gail.wagner@sc.edu','http://www.cas.sc.edu/ANTH/Faculty/WAGNERG/'),(401,197,1,1,'Grace','Wambui','Ngugi','East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya','KE','grace.ngugi@yahoo.com','http://www.museums.or.ke'),(402,197,0,2,'Leonard','E.','Newton','Kenyatta University','KE','ellyen@yahoo.com',''),(403,197,0,3,'A.','Muthama','Muasya','University of Cape Town','ZA','Muthama.Muasya@uct.ac.za',''),(405,199,1,1,'Merlin','','Franco','Research Scholar, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Madras Christian College, Tambaram, Chennai-59, South India','IN','tropicalforezt@yahoo.co.in',''),(406,200,1,1,'Joseph','Effiong','Eyo','University of Nigeria','NG','divinelovejoe@yahoo.com',''),(407,200,0,2,'Jevas','C','Ozougwu','University of Nigeria','NG','jevaschubby@yahoo.com',''),(408,201,1,2,'Sharif','Ahmed','Mukul','Shahjalal University of Science and Technology','BD','sharif_a_mukul@yahoo.com','http://www.mtnforum.org/mi/index.cfm?pID=sharifmukul'),(409,201,0,1,'Mohammad','Belal','Uddin','Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth','DE','Belal.Uddin@uni-bayreuth.de',''),(410,202,1,1,'Mukadasi','','Buyinza','Makerere University','UG','buyinza@forest.mak.ac.ug',''),(411,202,0,2,'A.','Y.','Banana','Makerere University','UG','buyinza@forest.mak.ac.ug',''),(412,202,0,3,'G.','','Nabanoga','Makerere University','UG','buyinza@forest.mak.ac.ug',''),(413,202,0,4,'A.','','Ntakimanye','Makerere University','UG','buyinza@forest.mak.ac.ug',''),(414,203,1,1,'Daniel','E.','Moerman','Univesity of Michigan-Dearborn','US','dmoerman@umd.umich.edu',''),(415,204,1,1,'Chanda','L.','Cooper','University of South Carolina','US','ccooper@environ.sc.edu',''),(416,205,1,1,'Katesarin','','Maneenoon','','','mkatesarin@hotmail.com',''),(417,206,1,1,'Sherry','','Dingman','Marist College','US','Sherry.Dingman@marist.edu',''),(418,207,1,1,'David','','Strauch','','','noemail@email.com',''),(419,208,1,1,'Wunir','','Wunir','The Nationalitis Research Institute of Yunnan University','CN','wunir1360@gmail.com',''),(421,210,1,1,'Poonam','','Mehrotra','','IN','mpunu@yahoo.co.uk',''),(422,211,1,1,'Sulaiman','Said','Al Khanjari','CENTER OF RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT (CSRTD), UNIVERSITY OF NIZWA','OM','s.khanjari@gmail.com','www.unizwa.edu.om'),(423,212,1,1,'Kunle','F.','Oluymeisi','DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINAL PLANT RESEARCH AND TRADITIONAL MEDICINE, NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT','','yemisikunle@yahoo.co.uk',''),(424,213,1,1,'Youssoufa','M','Bele','Living Earth Foundation','CM','yoube_bele@yahoo.com',''),(425,213,0,2,'Derek','A','Focho','Faculty of Science','CM','',''),(426,213,0,3,'Enow','A','Egbe','Faculty of Science, University of Dschang','CM','',''),(427,213,0,4,'Bindeh','B','Chuyong','Faculty of Science, University of Buea','','',''),(428,211,0,2,'J.','N.','Al Rayahi','','','',''),(429,211,0,3,'N.','A.','Al Saadi','','','',''),(430,208,0,2,'Liang','','Chung','Grassland Research Institute','CN','',''),(431,214,1,1,'Rajiv','','Mili','G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development','IN','email@em.com',''),(432,214,0,2,'Mihin','','Dollo','G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development','IN','mihindollo@gmail.com',''),(433,214,0,3,'S.','C.','Arya','G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development','IN','satishcarya11@redifmail.com',''),(434,214,0,4,'Prasanna','K.','Samal','G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development','IN','prasannasamal@rediffmail.com',''),(435,215,1,1,'Pankaj','N.','Joshi','Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology (GUIDE)','IN','joshi_pn@yahoo.com',''),(436,215,0,2,'Hiren','','Soni','Ashok & Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Study and Research in Biotechnology and Allied Sciences (ARIBAS)','IN','hirensoni@yahoo.com',''),(437,216,1,1,'Junaid','','Khan','Department of Botany Govt. P.G Jahanzeb College Saidu sharif Swat','PK','sadlynoemail@email.com',''),(438,216,0,2,'Haider','','Ali','Department of Botany Govt. P.G Jahanzeb College Saidu sharif Swat','PK','',''),(439,216,0,3,'Dr. Hassan','','Sher','Department of Botany Govt. P.G Jahanzeb College Saidu sharif Swat','PK','',''),(440,217,1,1,'M.','L.','Khalumba','Kenyatta University, Department of Environmental Sciences','KE','Khalumbamercelyne@yahoo.com',''),(441,217,0,2,'Paul','Kamau','Mbugua','Kenyatta University, Department of Biological Sciences','KE','paulkmbugua@yahoo.co.uk',''),(442,217,0,3,'J.','B.','Kung\'u','Kenyatta University, Department of Environmental Sciences','KE','noemail@email.com',''),(450,220,1,1,'Mark','','Nickum','Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida','','nickum@ufl.edu',''),(451,221,1,1,'Carmine','','Guarino','University of Sannio','IT','guarino@unisannio.it',''),(452,210,0,2,'Preeti','','Dwivedi','University of Jhansi','IN','none@none',''),(453,210,0,3,'Azad','S.','Yadav','University of Jhansi','IN','none@none',''),(454,210,0,4,'Geeta','','Kharkwal','Kumaun University','IN','none@none',''),(455,222,1,1,'Rainer','W.','Bussmann','The University of Texas at Austin','US','rbussmann@main.utexas.edu',''),(456,222,0,2,'Douglas','','Sharon','San Diego Museum of Man','US','dk_sharon@sbcglobal.net',''),(457,222,0,3,'M.','','Garcia','San Diego State University','US','none@none',''),(458,223,1,1,'Ripu','M.','Kunwar','Centre for Biological Conservation','NP','rkunwar@gmail.com',''),(459,223,0,2,'Y.','','Uprety','Centre for Biological Conservation','NP','none@none',''),(460,223,0,3,'C.','','Burlakoti','Centre for Biological Conservation','NP','none@none',''),(461,223,0,4,'C.','L.','Chowdhary','Canadian Center for International Studies and Cooperation','NP','none@none',''),(462,223,0,5,'Rainer','W.','Bussmann','Missouri Botanical Garden','US','rainer.bussmann@mobot.org',''),(463,224,1,1,'Vijaya','','Bharathi','Madras Medical College','IN','rvbharathi2003@yahoo.com',''),(464,224,0,2,'Jerad','','Suresh','Madras Medical College','IN','ajsuresh2001@yahoo.co.uk',''),(465,224,0,3,'Rajendran','','Kuppusamy','7th April University','LY','rajejesus@gmail.com',''),(466,224,0,4,'Shanmugam','','Ketharinathan','Madras Medical College','IN','Kethari85@gmail.com',''),(467,224,0,5,'Ramalingam','','Ramesh','Madras Medical College','IN','rameshpharm85@gmail.com',''),(468,224,0,6,'Narayanaswamy','','Venkatesh','Madras Medical College','IN','venkat.niceguy@gmail.com',''),(469,225,1,1,'Satish','C.','Jain','University of Rajasthan','IN','jainnatpro3@rediffmail.com',''),(470,225,0,2,'Renuka','','Jain','University of Rajasthan','IN','none@none',''),(471,225,0,3,'Renu','','Singh','University of Rajasthan','IN','none@none',''),(472,226,1,1,'Shailesh','','Shukla','Post Doctoral Fellow','CA','Shaileshshukla@yahoo.com',''),(473,226,0,2,'A.','John','Sinclair','','CA','Jsincla@ms.umanitoba.ca',''),(478,229,1,1,'sunil','kumar','mishra','Institute of Technology','IN','hi_setti890@yahoo.co.in',''),(479,229,0,2,'Abhijit','','Talukdar','Herbal Technology','IN','atalukdar@yahoo.co.uk',''),(480,229,0,3,'Ashok','','Kumar','Institute of Technology','IN','ashokit@rediffmail.com',''),(481,230,1,1,'Amy','','Eisenberg','Sonoma County Indian Health Project and World Care Project Manager for Tibetan Projects','US','dramyeis@yahoo.com','http://www.pbase.com/jamato8, http://www.worldcare.org'),(482,230,0,2,'Paul','John','Amato','Santa Rosa Memorial Hospital','US','jamato8@yahoo.com','www.pbase.com/jamato8'),(483,230,0,3,'Deng','','Tao','Jishou University','CN','dengtao0411@163.com',''),(486,233,1,1,'Muhammad','Qasim','Hayat','Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan','PK','mqasimhayat@hotmail.com',''),(487,234,1,1,'Han','','Lau','Department of Botany, University of Hawaii','','hanlau@gmail.com',''),(488,234,0,2,'Will','C.','McClatchey','Department of Botany, University of Hawaii','','mcclatch@hawaii.edu',''),(489,234,0,3,'David','','Reedy','Department of Botany, University of Hawaii','','reedy@hawaii.edu',''),(490,234,0,4,'Al','Kealii','Chock','Department of Botany, University of Hawaii','','alchock@hawaii.edu',''),(491,234,0,5,'Kim','W.','Bridges','Department of Botany, University of Hawaii','','kim@hawaii.edu',''),(492,234,0,6,'Zak','','Ritchey','Department of Botany, University of Hawaii','','zritchey@gmail.com',''),(493,235,1,1,'Tajudeen','Okekunle','AMUSA','Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria','NG','teejayui@yahoo.com',''),(494,236,1,1,'Dilfuza','','Egamberdieva','National University of Uzbekistan','UZ','egamberdieva@yahoo.com',''),(496,236,0,2,'Nilufar','','Mamadalieva','Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances','UZ','mnilufar@mail.ru',''),(497,236,0,3,'Khusnutdin','','Shakhidoyatov','Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances','UZ','shakhidoyatov@rambler.ru',''),(498,238,1,1,'Tajudeen','Okekunle','AMUSA','Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria','NG','teejayui@yahoo.com',''),(499,239,1,1,'sarada','prasad','mohapatra','','IN','s.p_moha@sify.com',''),(500,239,0,2,'hara','prasad','sahoo','','IN','hara_sahoo@in.com',''),(501,240,1,1,'Abdul','Hakeem','memon','Univeristy of sindh','PK','memon_h79@yahoo.com',''),(502,241,1,1,'Pankaj','','Jamwal','','IN','pankaj.jamwal@jalindia.co.in',''),(503,242,1,1,'Nina','L.','Etkin','Department of Anthropology, University of Hawai\'i','US','etkin@hawaii.edu',''),(504,243,1,1,'Mustafa','','YAVUZ','','TR','mustafay007@gmail.com',''),(505,244,1,1,'Kuppusamy','','Rajendran','7th of April University','LY','rajejesus@gmail.com',''),(506,244,0,2,'Annie','','Shirwaikar','Manipal University, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences','IN','annieshirwaikar@yahoo.com',''),(507,244,0,3,'Kishore','Gana','Sam','Manipal University, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences','IN','kishoregnanasam@gmail.com',''),(508,244,0,4,'Keloth','Kaitheri','Srinivasan','Manipal University, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences','IN','kksrinivasan@manipal.edu',''),(509,245,1,1,'Jaya','Vikas','Kurhekar','Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune','IN','jaya_kurhekar@rediffmail.com',''),(510,246,1,1,'Rainer','','Bussmann','William L. Brown Center for Plant Genetic Resources','US','rainer.bussmann@mobot.org',''),(511,246,0,2,'Douglas','','Sharon','','US','noemail@nonegiven',''),(512,246,0,3,'Jennifer','','Ly','University of California at Berkeley','US','jennifer_ly@berkeley.edu',''),(513,247,1,1,'Orlando','Alejandro','Abreu','Universidad de Camagüey','CU','orlando.abreu@reduc.edu.cu',''),(514,248,1,1,'Arun','','Rijal','Freelance','NP','arunrijal@yahoo.com',''),(515,249,1,1,'Arun','','Rijal','Freelance','NP','arunrijal@yahoo.com',''),(516,250,1,1,'S.','','Soosairaj','Dept. of Plant Biology & Plant Biotechnology, St.Joseph’s College','IN','pspsoosai@yahoo.co.in',''),(517,251,1,1,'Muhammad','Azam','Khan','Eductaion','PK','muhammadazam87@yahoo.com',''),(518,251,0,2,'Mir','Ajab','Khan','Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University','PK','none@none.com',''),(519,251,0,3,'Mazhar','','Hussain','Department of Agriculture Sciences (Forestry) AIOU','PK','none@none.com',''),(520,251,0,4,'Ghulam','Mujtaba','Ghulam','Department of Microbiology Quaid-i-Azam University','PK','none@none.com',''),(521,252,1,1,'Ajay','Kumar','Gautam','School of Studies in Botany','IN','a2gautam2006@yahoo.co.in',''),(522,252,0,2,'Rekha','','Bhadauria','','IN','rekhabhadauria@yahoo.com',''),(523,253,1,1,'Claudio','','Delang','The Chinese University of Hong Kong','HK','cdelang@cuhk.edu.hk',''),(525,255,0,1,'Kamal','','Aryal','','NP','kamal.aryal@icimod.org',''),(527,255,1,2,'Åke','','Berg','','SE','Ake.Berg@cbm.slu.se',''),(528,255,0,3,'Britta','','Ogle','','SE','Britta.Ogle@sol.slu.se',''),(529,257,1,1,'kavya','','dashora','CAZRI','IN','dashorakavya1@gmail.com',''),(530,257,0,2,'Arun','','Kumar','CAZRI','IN','arpurster@gmail.com',''),(531,257,0,3,'Veena','','Gupta','NBPGR','IN','veena@nbpgr.ernet.in',''),(532,258,1,1,'Sumeet','','Dwivedi','Chordia Institute of Pharmacy Indore, M.P.-India','IN','sumeet_dwivedi2002@yahoo.com',''),(533,258,0,2,'Abhishek','','Dwivedi','NRI Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhopal, M.P','IN','mainhunabhi@yahoo.co.in',''),(534,258,0,3,'Raghvendra','','Dubey','Chordia Institute of Pharmacy, Indore, M.P','IN','raghuji22@rediffmail.com',''),(535,259,1,2,'Jocelyn','Grupp','Mueller','Tufts University','US','jocelyn.muller@tufts.edu',''),(536,259,0,1,'Iro','','Dan Guimbo','Abdou Moumouni University','NE','Danguimbo@yahoo.fr',''),(537,259,0,3,'Mahamane','','Larwanou','Abdou Moumouni University','NE','M.Larwanou@CGIAR.ORG',''),(538,260,1,1,'W.','P.','de Winter','Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands','NL','Wim.deWinter@wur.nl',''),(539,261,1,1,'patel','narendra','kirtibhaik','Ph.D.','IN','taxonomy.naren@gmail.com',''),(540,262,1,1,'patel','narendra','kirtibhaik','Ph.D.','IN','taxonomy.naren@gmail.com',''),(541,263,1,1,'Pavan','Kumar','Sangu','','IN','pavansangu@gmail.com',''),(544,266,1,1,'Ravi','','Dhande','Lecturer','IN','ravi_dhande2005@indiatimes.com',''),(545,267,1,1,'Adam','Nicholas','Ennes','n/a','US','looking_crow@yahoo.com','http://www.adamennes.com'),(547,269,1,1,'Rainer','W','Bussmann','WLBC - Missouri Botanical Garden','US','rainer.bussmann@mobot.org','www.wlbcenter.org'),(548,269,0,2,'Munesh','','Kumar','Department of Forestry, HNB, Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India','','muneshmzu@yahoo.com',''),(549,269,0,3,'J.','','Mukesh','','','muneshmzu@yahoo.com',''),(550,269,0,4,'M.','','Gusain','','','muneshmzu@yahoo.com',''),(551,270,1,1,'Pablo','José','Cruz','CONICET','AR','pablocruzfr@yahoo.fr',''),(552,271,1,1,'Mohammed','','Rahmatullah','University of Development Alternative','BD','rahamatm@hotmail.com',''),(553,271,0,2,'Md.','Shahadat','Hossan','University of Development Alternative','BD','bdshahadat@yahoo.com',''),(554,271,0,3,'Abu','','Hanif','University of Development Alternative','BD','abuhanif2@yahoo.com',''),(555,271,0,4,'Bipasha','','Agarwala','University of Development Alternative','BD','dipa_biotech@yahoo.com',''),(556,271,0,5,'Md.','Shahnawaz','Sarwar','University of Development Alternative','BD','rahmatm@uoda.org',''),(557,271,0,6,'Masud','','Karim','University of Development Alternative','BD','masud_kar01@yahoo.com',''),(558,271,0,7,'Rownak','','Jahan','University of Development Alternative','BD','rownak52@hotmail.com',''),(559,272,1,1,'George','','K.V.','Department of Botany, CMS College, KOttayam, Kerala, India','IN','georgecms@dataone.in',''),(560,273,1,1,'Ayam','Victor','Singh','Rajiv Gandhi University, Ron Hills, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India.','IN','ayamvictore@gmail.com',''),(561,273,0,2,'Potsangbam','Kumar','Singh','Manipur University','IN','kumars_potsangbam@yahoo.co.in',''),(562,274,1,1,'Samuel','M. ‘Ohukani‘ōhi‘a','Gon','The Nature Conservancy','US','sgon@tnc.org',''),(563,275,1,1,'Pankaj','','Kumar','Department of Habitat Ecology, Wildlife Institute of India','IN','pankajsahani@rediffmail.com',''),(564,275,0,2,'Jeewan','Singh','Jalal','The Corbett Foundation, Nainital','IN','jeewansinghjalal@rediffmail.com',''),(565,275,0,3,'Gopal','Singh','Rawat','Professor, Department of Habitat Ecology, Wildlife Institute of India','IN','rawatg@wii.gov.in',''),(569,279,1,1,'Muhammad','Qasim','Hayat','Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan','PK','mqasimhayat@hotmail.com',''),(570,280,1,1,'Md.','Mehedi','Faysal','Pharmacy Discipline,Khulna University, Khulna','BD','nirbak_godhuli@hotmail.com',''),(572,282,1,1,'idayat','titilayo','gbadamosi','University of Ibadan','NG','gita4me2004@yahoo.com',''),(573,283,1,1,'Hassan','','Sher','University','','hassan.botany@gmail.com',''),(574,284,1,1,'Hassan','','Sher','University','','hassan.botany@gmail.com',''),(575,285,1,1,'Hiren','B','Soni','ARIBAS','IN','hirensoni3172@gmail.com','http://sites.google.com/site/hirenbsoni'),(576,286,1,1,'Amritpal','','Singh','','','amritpal2101@yahoo.com',''),(577,287,1,1,'Amritpal','','Singh','','','amritpal2101@yahoo.com',''),(578,288,1,1,'Amritpal','','Singh','','','amritpal2101@yahoo.com',''),(579,289,1,1,'Amritpal','','Singh','Senior Lecturer, Dept of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara','','amritpal2101@yahoo.com',''),(580,289,0,2,'Sanjiv','','Duggal','Senior Lecturer, Dept of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara','','bawa1975@rediffmail.com',''),(581,290,1,1,'Will','C.','McClatchey','Ethnobotany Research and Applications','','editor@ethnobotanyjournal.org',''),(582,290,0,2,'K.','W.','Bridges','University of Hawaii','US','kim@hawaii.edu',''),(583,291,1,1,'Ulysses','Paulino','Albuquerque','','BR','upa@db.ufrpe.br',''),(584,292,1,1,'Valentina','','Savo','University of Roma Tre','IT','vsavo@uniroma3.it',''),(585,293,1,1,'Valentina','','Savo','University of Roma Tre','IT','vsavo@uniroma3.it',''),(586,294,1,1,'Kimberly','E.','Medley','Miami University','US','mdomoko@yahoo.com',''),(587,295,1,1,'MONORANJAN','','CHOWDHURY','North bengal University','IN','mono_malda@yahoo.com',''),(589,297,1,1,'Augustine','Abioye','Ayantunde','International Livestock Research Institute','ML','a.ayantunde@cgiar.org',''),(590,297,0,2,'Pierre','','Hiernaux','CESBIO, Toulouse','FR','pierre.hiernaux@cesbio.cnes.fr',''),(591,297,0,3,'Mirjam','','Briejer','University of Wageningen','NL','mirjam.briejer@wur.nl',''),(592,297,0,4,'Henk','','Udo','University of Wageningen','NL','henk.udo@wur.nl',''),(593,297,0,5,'Ramadjita','','Tabo','ICRISAT','NE','r.tabo@cgiar.org',''),(594,298,1,1,'Neha','','Tripathi','Bundelkhnad University, India','IN','nehatripathi08@gmail.com',''),(595,299,1,1,'sarfraz','','Ahmad','','PK','s_ahmadazrc@yahoo.com',''),(596,300,1,1,'sarfraz','','Ahmad','','PK','s_ahmadazrc@yahoo.com',''),(597,301,1,1,'sarfraz','','Ahmad','','PK','s_ahmadazrc@yahoo.com',''),(598,302,1,1,'sarfraz','','Ahmad','','PK','s_ahmadazrc@yahoo.com',''),(599,303,1,1,'Shahadat','','Hossan','University of Development Alternative','US','bdshahadat@yahoo.com',''),(600,304,1,6,'Mohammed','','Rahmatullah','University of Development Alternative','BD','rahamatm@hotmail.com',''),(601,304,0,1,'Shahadat','','Hossan','','BD','none',''),(602,304,0,2,'Bipasha','','Agarwala','','BD','none',''),(603,304,0,3,'Shahnawaz','','Sarwar','','BD','none',''),(604,304,0,4,'Masud','','Karim','','BD','none',''),(605,304,0,5,'Rownak','','Jahan','','BD','none',''),(606,305,1,1,'satish','','kumar','university of jammu, jammu, jammu and kashmir, india','IN','satish.bot@gmail.com',''),(607,305,0,2,'irshad','Ahmed','Hamal','Department of Botany, university of Jammu','IN','irshadahamal@hotmail.com',''),(608,306,1,1,'Brigitte','','Vogl-Lukasser','University for Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna','AT','brigitte.vogl-lukasser@boku.ac.at','http://www.nas.boku.ac.at/brigitte-vogl-lukasser.html'),(609,306,0,2,'Christian','R.','Vogl','','','Christian.Vogl@boku.ac.at',''),(610,306,0,3,'Marianne','','Gütler','','','marianne.guetler@chello.at',''),(611,306,0,4,'Serena','','Heckler','','','serena.heckler@durham.ac.uk',''),(612,295,0,2,'','','','','','',''),(613,307,1,1,'Frederick','','Lee','','','yhanlau@hotmail.com',''),(614,308,1,1,'Jodi','','Stevens Releford','University of Hawaii','US','jstevens@hawaii.edu',''),(618,311,1,3,'Heinrich','','Grausgruber','BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences','AT','heinrich.grausgruber@boku.ac.at',''),(619,311,0,1,'Firdissa','','Eticha','Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research','ET','firdissa@yahoo.com',''),(620,311,0,2,'Woldeyesus','','Sinebo','Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research','ET','wsinebo@hotmail.com',''),(621,312,1,1,'Satish','','Kumar','University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India','IN','satish.bot@gmail.com',''),(622,312,0,2,'Irshad','Ahmed','Hamal','Department of Botany University of Jammu, Jammu, India','IN','Irshadahamal@hotmail.com',''),(624,314,1,1,'Dhiraj','Singh','Rawat','','IN','rawatdhirajhpu@gmail.com',''),(625,314,0,2,'Anjna','Devi','Kharwal','','IN','rawatdhirajhpu@gmail.com',''),(626,315,1,1,'Dhiraj','Singh','Rawat','','IN','rawatdhirajhpu@gmail.com',''),(627,315,0,2,'Anjna','Devi','Kharwal','','IN','rawatdhirajhpu@gmail.com',''),(628,316,1,1,'Łukasz','','Łuczaj','Academy of Humanities and Economics in Łódź','PL','lukasz.luczaj@interia.pl',''),(630,318,0,1,'Dhiraj','Singh','Rawat','','IN','rawatdhirajhpu@gmail.com',''),(631,318,1,2,'Anjna','Devi','Kharwal','','IN','rawatdhirajhpu@gmail.com',''),(634,321,1,1,'Anjna','D.','Kharwal','','IN','rawatdhirajhpu@gmail.com',''),(635,321,0,2,'Dhiraj','S.','Rawat','','IN','rawatdhirajhpu@gmail.com',''),(637,323,0,1,'Anjna','D.','Kharwal','','IN','rawatdhirajhpu@gmail.com',''),(638,323,1,2,'Dhiraj','S.','Rawat','','IN','rawatdhirajhpu@gmail.com',''),(639,324,1,1,'Thomas','Avery','Garran','UHM','','tag.plantgeek@gmail.com','http://sourcepointherbs.blogspot.com'),(640,292,0,2,'Y. Han','','Lau','University of Hawai`i at Manoa','','yeong@hawaii.edu',''),(641,292,0,3,'Will','C.','McClatchey','University of Hawai`i at Manoa','','mcclatch@hawaii.edu',''),(642,292,0,4,'David','','Reedy','University of Hawai`i at Manoa','','reedy@hawaii.edu',''),(643,292,0,5,'Al Keali`i','','Chock','University of Hawai`i at Manoa','','alchock@hawaii.edu',''),(644,292,0,6,'Kim','W.','Bridges','University of Hawai`i at Manoa','','kim@hawaii.edu',''),(645,292,0,7,'Zak','','Ritchey','University of Hawai`i at Manoa','','ritchey@hawaii.edu',''),(646,293,0,2,'Y. Han','','Lau','University of Hawai`i at Manoa','','yeong@hawaii.edu',''),(647,293,0,3,'Will','C.','McClatchey','University of Hawai`i at Manoa','','mcclatch@hawaii.edu',''),(648,293,0,4,'David','','Reedy','University of Hawai`i at Manoa','','reeedy@hawaii.edu',''),(649,293,0,5,'Al Keali`i','','Chock','University of Hawai`i at Manoa','','alchock@hawaii.edu',''),(650,293,0,6,'Kim','W.','Bridges','University of Hawai`i at Manoa','','kim@hawaii.edu',''),(651,293,0,7,'Zak','','Ritchey','University of Hawai`i at Manoa','','ritchey@hawaii.edu',''),(653,326,1,1,'Sandeep','Kumar','Shukla','','IN','sskorba@gmail.com','http://www.gmail.com'),(654,327,1,1,'Salih','','Gucel','Near East University','CY','sgucel@hotmail.com',''),(655,328,1,1,'Dhiraj','Singh','Rawat','','IN','rawatdhirajhpu@gmail.com',''),(656,328,0,2,'Anjna','D.','Kharwal','','IN','rawatdhirajhpu@gmail.com',''),(658,330,1,1,'Eunice','wanjiku','Ngari','','KE','cikungari@yahoo.com',''),(660,332,1,1,'patel','narendra','kirtibhaik','Ph.D.','IN','taxonomy.naren@gmail.com',''),(661,333,1,1,'Walter','Alejandro','Muiño','Universidad Nacional de La Pampa','AR','muinio@exactas.unlpam.edu.ar',''),(663,335,1,1,'sanyukta','','chowdhary','','IN','sanyukta_9@rediffmail.com',''),(664,335,0,2,'Jeewan','Singh','Jalal','','IN','jeewansinghjalal@rediffmail.com',''),(665,336,1,1,'Haile','','Yineger','Department of Biology, Jimma University','ET','haile_mulu@yahoo.com',''),(666,337,1,1,'Elias','','Baydoun','American University of Beirut','LB','eliasbay1@yahoo.com',''),(667,338,1,1,'Jerome','Yves','Gaugris','University of Pretoria','ZA','jeromegaugris@florafaunaman.com',''),(668,338,0,2,'Margaretha','W','Van Rooyen','University of Pretoria','ZA','gretel.vanrooyen@up.ac.za',''),(669,339,1,1,'K','','Choudhary','Lachoo Memorial College of Science and Technology','IN','kchoudharylmc@gmail.com',''),(670,339,0,2,'M','','Singh','','IN','mangalrathore@gmail.com',''),(671,339,0,3,'U','','Pillai','Lachoo Memorial College of Science and Technology','IN','umapillai@mail.com',''),(672,340,0,1,'Rahul','A','Bhosale','University of Pune','IN','rahul.bibb1987@gmail.com',''),(673,341,0,1,'Adeyemi','','Egunyomi','University of Ibadan','NG','aegunyomi200@yahoo.com',''),(674,341,1,2,'idayat','titilayo','gbadamosi','University of Ibadan','NG','gita4me2004@yahoo.com',''),(675,341,0,3,'Kehinde','','Osiname','University of Ibadan','NG','aegunyomi200@yahoo.com',''),(676,342,1,1,'prakash','chandra','phondani','G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Govt. of India','IN','prakashphondani@gmail.com',''),(677,343,1,1,'Muhammad','Qasim','Hayat','Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan','PK','mqasimhayat@hotmail.com',''),(678,344,1,1,'Ulysses','Paulino','Albuquerque','','BR','upa@db.ufrpe.br',''),(679,345,1,1,'Eunice','wanjiku','Ngari','','KE','cikungari@yahoo.com',''),(680,346,1,1,'Jeewan','Singh','Jalal','','IN','jeewansinghjalal@rediffmail.com',''),(681,346,0,2,'Pankaj','','Kumar','','IN','pankajsahani@rediffmail.com',''),(682,346,0,3,'Lalit','Mohan','Tewari','','IN','l_tewari@rediffmail.com',''),(683,346,0,4,'Y.P.S.','','Pangtey','','IN','y_pangtey@yahoo.com',''),(684,347,1,1,'Louis','R.','Iverson','US Forest Service','US','liverson@fs.fed.us',''),(685,347,0,2,'Aaron','L.','Iverson','University of Michigan','US','aaroniverson@yahoo.com',''),(686,348,1,1,'Tajudeen','Okekunle','AMUSA','Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria','NG','teejayui@yahoo.com',''),(687,349,1,1,'Tajudeen','Okekunle','AMUSA','Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria','NG','teejayui@yahoo.com',''),(688,349,0,2,'Saka','Oladunni','JIMOH','2Department of Forest Resources Management,','NG','jimohsaka@yahoo.com',''),(689,350,1,1,'Natalia','','Molina-Martínez','Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología','CO','nmolmar@yahoo.com',''),(690,350,0,2,'Francisco','','Basurto-Peña','Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología','MX','abasurto@mail.ibiologia.unam.mx',''),(691,350,0,3,'Miguel','Angel','Martínez-Alfaro','Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología','MX','malfaro@ibunam.ibiologia.unam.mx',''),(693,351,1,1,'S.N.','','Suresh','Dr','IN','drsnsuresh@in.com',''),(694,352,0,1,'Daniel','P','Kisangau','Nazarene university Nairobi','KE','kisangau@yahoo.com',''),(695,352,1,2,'Thora','Martina','Herrmann','Canada Research Chair in Ethnoecology and Biodiversity Conservation','CA','thora.martina.herrmann@umontreal.ca',''),(696,353,1,1,'gul','','jan','quaid-i-azam university islamabad, Pakistan','PK','guljan_mashal@yahoo.com','HTTP://www.Qau.edu.pk'),(697,354,1,1,'Roger','','Blench','Kay Williamson Educational Foundation','GB','R.Blench@odi.org.uk',''),(698,355,1,1,'Edmond','','De Langhe','Katholieke Universiteit Leuven','BE','edmond.delanghe@chello.be',''),(699,356,1,1,'Edmond','','De Langhe','Katholieke Universiteit Leuven','BE','edmond.delanghe@chello.be',''),(700,357,1,1,'Edward','M','Treadwell','Eastern Illinois University','US','emtreadwell@eiu.edu',''),(701,356,0,2,'Luc','','Vrydaghs','Research Team in Archaeo- and Palaeoenvironmental Sciences','BE','luc_vrydaghs@yahoo.co.uk',''),(702,356,0,3,'Pierre','','de Maret','Université Libre de Bruxelles','BE','noemail@no.com',''),(703,356,0,4,'Xavier','','Perrier','Centre de cooperation internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement','BE','xavier.perrier@cirad.fr',''),(704,356,0,5,'Tim','','Denham','Monash University','AU','Tim.Denham@arts.monash.edu.au',''),(705,358,1,1,'Dorian','Q.','Fuller','Institute of Archaeology, University College London','GB','d.fuller@ucl.ac.uk',''),(706,358,0,2,'Marco','','Madella','Spanish National Research Council','ES','marco.madella@icrea.es',''),(707,359,1,1,'Louise','','Iles','University College London','GB','louise.iles@gmail.com',''),(708,360,1,1,'Jean','','Kennedy','Australian National University','AU','jean.kennedy@anu.edu.au',''),(709,361,1,1,'Katharina','','Neumann','Goethe University','DE','k.neumann@em.uni-frankfurt.de',''),(710,361,0,2,'Elisabeth','','Hildebrand','Stony Brook University','US','ehildebrand@notes.cc.sunysb.edu',''),(711,362,1,1,'Xavier','','Perrier','Centre de cooperation internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement','FR','xavier.perrier@cirad.fr',''),(712,363,1,1,'Luc','','Vrydaghs','Research Team in Archaeo- and Palaeoenvironmental Sciences','BE','luc_vrydaghs@yahoo.co.uk',''),(713,363,0,2,'Terry','','Ball','Brigham Young University','US','noemail@no.com',''),(714,363,0,3,'H.','','Volkaert','Kasetsart University','TH','noemail@no.com',''),(715,363,0,4,'Ines','','van den Houwe','Katholieke Universiteit','BE','Ines.vandenhouwe@cgiar.org',''),(716,363,0,5,'J.','','Manwaring','Brigham Young University','US','noemail@no.com',''),(717,363,0,6,'Edmond','','De Langhe','Katholieke Universiteit Leuven','BE','edmond.delanghe@chello.be',''),(718,364,1,1,'Teresa','','Ingalls','University of Hawai\'i, Manoa','US','mochatrees@yahoo.com',''),(719,365,0,1,'Rainer','W','Bussmann','','','rainer.bussmann@mobot.org',''),(720,365,1,2,'Munesh','','Kumar','','','muneshmzu@yahoo.co',''),(721,365,0,3,'Joshi','','Mukesh','','','muneshmzu@yahoo.co',''),(722,365,0,4,'M.S.','','Gusain','','','muneshmzu@yahoo.co',''),(723,279,0,2,'Mir','Ajab','Khan','Quaid-i-Azam University','PK','none@none.com',''),(724,279,0,3,'Muhammad','','Ashraf','National University of Science and Technology','PK','none@none.com',''),(725,279,0,4,'Shazia','','Jabeen','University of Peshawar','PK','none@none.com',''),(726,340,0,2,'Jayashree','','Rout','Assam University','IN','routjaya@rediffmail.com',''),(727,340,1,3,'Bhupal','B','Chaugule','University of Pune','IN','chaugule@unipune.ernet.in',''),(728,366,1,1,'Guddeti','Meera','Bai','','IN','guddetimeerabai@gmail.com',''),(729,367,1,6,'Mohammed','','Rahmatullah','University of Development Alternative','BD','rahamatm@hotmail.com',''),(730,367,0,1,'Mohammed Ariful','Haque','Mollik','University of Development Alternative','BD','none@none.com',''),(731,367,0,2,'Mohammed Shahadat','','Hossan','University of Development Alternative','BD','none@none.com',''),(732,367,0,3,'Alok','Kumar','Paul','University of Development Alternative','BD','none@none.com',''),(733,367,0,4,'M.','','Taufiq-Ur-Rahman','University of Cambridge','GB','None@None.com',''),(734,367,0,5,'Rownak','','Jahan','University of Development Alternative','BD','None@none.com',''),(735,368,1,1,'Guddeti','Meera','Bai','','IN','guddetimeerabai@gmail.com',''),(736,369,1,1,'Sushila','','Rathee','','IN','rathee_sushila@rediffmail.com',''),(737,370,1,1,'Carolle','','Avocèvou-Ayisso','Laboratoire of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi','BJ','c.avocevou@gmail.com',''),(738,370,0,2,'Tonakpon Hermane','','Avohou','Laboratoire of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi','BJ','avoher@gmail.com',''),(739,370,0,3,'Madjidou','','Oumorou','Polytechnical School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi','BJ','moumorou@yahoo.fr',''),(740,370,0,4,'Gatien','','Dossou','Laboratoire of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi','BJ','dokov01@gmail.com',''),(741,370,0,5,'Brice','','Sinsin','Laboratoire of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi','BJ','bsinsin@gmail.com',''),(743,372,1,1,'DIMITRIOS','','IERAPETRITIS','','GR','d.ierapetritis@gmail.com',''),(744,373,1,1,'prakash','chandra','phondani','G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Govt. of India','IN','prakashphondani@gmail.com',''),(745,373,0,2,'Rakesh','Kumar','Maikhuri','G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Govt. of India','IN','rkmaikhuri@rediffmail.com',''),(746,373,0,3,'Lakhpat','Singh','Rawat','G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Govt. of India','IN','rawat_lakpat@rediffmail.com',''),(747,373,0,4,'Nehal','Ahmad','Farooquee','G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Govt. of India','IN','nafarooquee@rediffmail.com',''),(748,373,0,5,'Chandra','Prakash','Kala','2Ecosystem & Environment Management, Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal, MP, India','IN','cpkala@yahoo.com',''),(749,373,0,6,'SC','Ram','Vishvakarma','G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Govt. of India','IN','scrv@gbpihed.nic.in',''),(750,373,0,7,'K','S','Rao','Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India','IN','ksrao1@nde.vsnl.net.in',''),(751,373,0,8,'K','G','Saxena','School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India','IN','kgsaxena@mail.jnu.ac.in',''),(752,374,1,1,'Simon','John','Bishop','St Mary\'s University College','GB','bishops@smuc.ac.uk',''),(753,375,1,1,'stephenraj','sudhakar Isaac','Sudhakaran','','IN','sudhanmr@yahoo.co.in',''),(755,377,1,1,'drgul','','jan','QUAID-I-AZAM UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN','PK','drguljan@yahoo.com',''),(756,378,1,1,'drgul','','jan','QUAID-I-AZAM UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN','PK','drguljan@yahoo.com',''),(757,379,1,1,'Kimberly','E.','Medley','Miami University','US','medleyke@muohio.edu',''),(758,380,1,1,'Anurag','','Singh','Banarus Hindu University','IN','anuragsingh12345@gmail.com',''),(759,381,1,1,'manish','kumar','mishra','Indian Institute of Forest management, Bhopal(M.P),India','IN','manishm@iifm.ac.in','http://iifm.ac.in'),(761,383,1,1,'Armando','','Gonzalez-Stuart','University of Texas at El Paso','US','asgonzalez1@utep.edu',''),(763,385,1,1,'Tim','','Denham','','','Tim.Denham@arts.monash.edu.au',''),(764,385,0,2,'Edmond','','De Langhe','','BE','edmond.delanghe@chello.be',''),(765,385,0,3,'Luc','','Vrydaghs','','BE','luc_vrydaghs@yahoo.co.uk',''),(766,386,1,1,'Mark','','Donohue','Australian National University','AU','mark@donohue.cc',''),(767,386,0,2,'Tim','','Denham','Monash University','AU','Tim.Denham@arts.monash.edu.au',''),(768,387,1,1,'Carol','J.','Lentfer','University of Queensland','AU','clentfer20@hotmail.com',''),(769,388,1,1,'Carol','J.','Lentfer','University of Queensland','AU','clentfer20@hotmail.com',''),(770,389,1,1,'Pankaj','','Kumar','Department of Habitat Ecology, Wildlife Institute of India','IN','pankajsahani@rediffmail.com',''),(771,389,0,2,'Gopal','Singh','Rawat','Wildlife Institute of India','IN','none@none.com',''),(772,389,0,3,'Jeewan','Singh','Jalal','Wildlife Institute of India','IN','none@none.com',''),(778,392,1,1,'Sushanta','','Borah','Chaiduar College, Gohpur. Sonitpur, Assam.','IN','sushanta.borah@gmail.com',''),(779,392,0,2,'Arup','Kumar','Das','Rajiv Gandhi University, Arunachal Pradesh.','IN','arupbot@rediffmail.com',''),(780,392,0,3,'Ananta','Madhab','Baruah','Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam','IN','ambaruah@gmail.com',''),(781,392,0,4,'Junmoni','','Borah','Saint Joseph School, Gohpur, Sonitpur, Assam','IN','junmoni.borah@gmail.com',''),(782,393,1,1,'Thomas','Josef','Zumbroich','','US','zumbroich@yahoo.com',''),(783,394,1,1,'Daniel','Maghanjo','Mwamidi','Moi University','KE','dmwamidi@yahoo.com',''),(784,394,0,2,'Lucy','I','Kiyiapi','Moi University','KE','legilisho@yahoo.com',''),(785,395,1,1,'Alfred','','Kundhlande','University','ZW','kundhlandea@yahoo.co',''),(787,397,1,1,'Jeffrey','','Boutain','University of Hawaii at Manoa','US','boutain@hawaii.edu',''),(788,397,0,2,'Ben','','Wadman','University of Hawaii at Manoa','US','bwadman@hawaii.edu',''),(789,397,0,3,'Jeffrey','','Tomlinson','University of Hawaii at Manoa','US','tomlinso@hawaii.edu',''),(790,397,0,4,'Kana','','Naipo','Governor Samuel Wilder King Intermediate School','US','kanaslife@yahoo.com','');
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INSERT INTO `article_comments` (`comment_id`, `comment_type`, `role_id`, `article_id`, `assoc_id`, `author_id`, `comment_title`, `comments`, `date_posted`, `date_modified`, `viewable`) VALUES (1,2,256,146,146,17,'Isolation of Taphrina caerulescens from the Emancipation Oak - a Quercus virginiana mill.','Dear Camellia Moses Okpodu, \r\n\r\nThank you for submitting your manuscript for consideration by ERA. While we have found your work to be very interesting and well written, a discussion among three of the editors yielded a consensus that this is not actually a work in the field of ethnobotany. Therefore, we will not be able to publish this manuscript.\r\n\r\nPerhaps this would be something that could be published in the journal Economic Botany in the Notes section.\r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\r\nEthnobotany Research and Applications\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-04-14 14:46:16',NULL,1),(2,1,4096,151,5,1,'Potential energy demand and its challenges for forest management in the Kakamega area, Wes','While the aim and purpose of the paper are briefly mentioned in the Abstract, the authors seem to have forgotten to elaborate on those aim and purpose in the Introduction. Nowhere in the Introduction is an indication of the direction of this research or a hypothesis that the authors are testing. Also, are the authors trying to measure potential energy demand or potential demand? The title of the paper indicates the former but the last sentence in the Introduction seems to indicate the latter.\r\n\r\nWhen was this experiment conducted? Has this research been approved by a Human Subjects Protection agency or equivalent? With the ban imposed on wood collection from all forested areas, many of the informants were literally taking a huge risk by participating in the research. Were additional steps taken to protect these informants after the ban?\r\n\r\nIs there a particular reason for not choosing an age class interval of, say 10,15 or 20 in the demographic survey? (This also applies to the head-load survey.) What is the significance of the 15-55 group? Tables 2 and 3 are nice but what is the implication here? What can one deduce from these data? More analysis is needed here.\r\n\r\nAnalysis of data from the economic survey is equally weak. The authors could have categorized the houses into 1) clay/wood wall with thatched roof 2) clay/wood wall with iron sheet roof and 3) bricks wall iron sheet roof. This will allow a better comparison of energy needs and affluency.\r\n\r\nMethods used to standardize the data from the energy survey is extremely vague. The authors need to be very clear about their methods so that other reseachers can verify and replicate their experiments. \r\n\r\nThe authors had identified tree species that were collected for wood fuel but made not indication of having collected any herbarium vouchers. Were herbarium vouchers collected at all? If not, why?\r\n\r\nSomething very disturbing about this paper is that the authors made no attempt to discuss the implications of their results in the Discussion. Tables are presented without any possible hint at what those numbers imply. Do we expect to see a trend or the numbers just do not mean anything? The authors claimed that their results on wood used was different from Nyanga 1999 and KIFCON 1994a partly due to \"the assumptions in the process of standardization\" but did not care to elaborate \"how\". Please elaborate so that readers can learn and understand.\r\n\r\nThe authors should strive to ensure that their references are correct before submission. Nyanga 1999, instead of Nyang 1999 was cited many times in the paper. (Only Nyang 1999 was found in the References.) Chapman et al. 1996 and Ministry of Finance and Planning 1996 were cited but not found in the References. Two other references were not used at all.','2008-04-15 17:57:06','2008-04-15 17:58:07',1),(3,1,4096,151,5,1,'Potential energy demand and its challenges for forest management in the Kakamega area, Wes','This is an extremely weak paper and it really needs a lot of work.','2008-04-15 17:57:06',NULL,0),(4,2,256,150,150,19,'The States of Herbal Medicine in The Gambia','Dear Felix Chiadikobi Onyemachi,\r\n\r\nAfter reviewing the manuscript submitted for consideration for publication in Ethnobotany Research and Applications, it has been decided that it does not meet the standards of the journal. Please see the reviews provided for details.\r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer A:\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-04-23 10:42:24',NULL,1),(5,2,256,150,150,19,'The States of Herbal Medicine in The Gambia','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-04-23 10:43:42',NULL,1),(6,1,4096,149,1,43,'Steps in the discovery of plant-derived drugs in the Tropics','Review of: Steps in the Discovery of plant-derived drugs in the Tropics. \r\nOnyemachi Felix Chiadikobi, Department of Science and Technology, University of The Gambia\r\n\r\nEthnobotanical work leading to the ethical development of medicinal products is a long and difficult process. For this type of research, the methods are not simple, the process is long and there are many stake holders who must be considered (see: Cotton 1997; Etkin 1993; Lipp 1989; Martin 2004). Researchers new to this process may find it useful to understand the skills needed, time required, and the pitfalls and challenges that they will face when they choose to carry out this work.\r\n\r\nThere are two ways that the author of this manuscript could make a real contribution to the field. The first and most powerful would be to carry out such research and report directly on the experience: the methods employed and the challenges met and overcome. A second way would be to search the literature and glean from that vast body of research best practices that when applied together should result in a greater chance for success for researchers who decide to undergo this line of inquiry. \r\n\r\nUnfortunately this manuscript does neither. Nearly the entire work has been carelessly copied from other sources and pieced together; not in a way that indicates a synthesis of ideas but rather in a haphazard way that indicates that no original work or ideas are actually presented.\r\n\r\nFor a discussion of the initial collection of plant material the original sources are (Ibe & Nwufo 2005) and (Wennberg 2006). These sources contribute the bulk of the text of the Abstract.\r\n\r\nThe ethnographic methods section of this paper are largely the work of (Kamatenesi-Mugisha & Oryem-Origa 2007), (Makundi et al. 2006), (Ibe & Nwufo 2005). The sections describing infusions, decoctions and tinctures can be found at http://www.soulhealer.com/herb%20properties.htm. \r\n\r\nThe description of phytochemical analysis is the work of (Wennberg 2006), (Gulfraz et al. 2004), (Dan & Dan 1986), (Erasto et al. 2006), and (Gulfraz et al. 2006). The steps to conduct chromatography were sourced from http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/CHROMO/chromintro.html, and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacognosy.\r\n\r\nThe entire conclusion is taken from (Wennberg 2006). \r\n\r\nI can not recommend this paper for publication. I sincerely hope that the author will take this criticism constructively and realize that the purpose of submitting a paper to a journal is to contribute something original (either original data or ideas, or a new way of looking at the combined work of others) to the greater community of scientists. \r\n\r\nFinally, we all have a responsibility to one another to give credit when we use each others ideas. In those cases we cite our source and in the rare case that we directly use the text written by another person we use quotation marks to carefully inform the reader that we cannot take credit for the words that we are using. I would recommend that this author carefully reviews the proper procedures for avoiding this type of mistake. I have attached a paper from www.Turnitin.com that addresses this issue very thoroughly.\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\nLiterature Cited\r\n\r\nCotton, C. M. (1997). Traditional Phytochemistry. In C. M. Cotton (Ed.), Ethnobotany: Principles and Applications: John Wiley & Sons.\r\n\r\nDan, S., & Dan, S. S. (1986). Phytochemical study of Adansonia digitata, Coccoloba excoriata, Psychotria adenophylla, and Schleichera oleosa. Fitoterapia, 57.\r\n\r\nErasto, P., Grierson, D. S., & Afolayan, A. J. (2006). Bioactive sesquiterpene lactones from the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 106(1), 117-120.\r\n\r\nEtkin, N. L. (1993). Anthropological methods in ethnopharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol, 38(2-3), 93-104.\r\n\r\nGulfraz, M., Arshad, M., Nayyer, N., Kanwal, N., & Nisar, U. (2004). Investigation for Bioactive Compounds of Berberis lyceum Royle and Justicia adhatoda L. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, http://www.siu.edu/~ebl/leaflets/berberis.htm.\r\n\r\nGulfraz, M., Waheed, A., Mehmood, S., & Ihtisham, M. (2006). Extraction and Purification of Various Organic Compounds in Selected Medicinal Plants of Kotli Sattian, District Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, http://www.siu.edu/~ebl/leaflets/kotli.htm.\r\n\r\nIbe, A. E., & Nwufo, M. I. (2005). Identification, collection and domestication of medicinal plants in Southeastern Nigeria. Africa Development, 30(3), 66-77.\r\n\r\nKamatenesi-Mugisha, M., & Oryem-Origa, H. (2007). Medicinal plants used to induce labour during childbirth in western Uganda. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 109(1), 1-9.\r\n\r\nLipp, F. J. (1989). Methods for ethnopharmacological field work. J Ethnopharmacol, 25(2), 139-150.\r\n\r\nMakundi, E. A., Malebo, H. M., Mhame, P., Kitua, A. Y., & Warsame, M. (2006). Role of traditional healers in the management of severe malaria among children below five years of age: the case of Kilosa and Handeni Districts, Tanzania. Malar J, 5, 58.\r\n\r\nMartin, G. J. (2004). Ethnopharmacology and Related Fields. In G. J. Martin (Ed.), Ethnobotany: A Methods Manual: Earthscan.\r\n\r\nWennberg, T. (2006). Computer-assisted separation and primary screening of bioactive compounds. University of Helsinki Helsinki.','2008-04-25 10:54:13',NULL,1),(7,2,256,158,158,80,'Ethnomedicinal survey of the coral Island Saint Martin’s, Bangladesh','Dear Santhun-Al-Arefin, Tanvir Morshed, Mahmuda Munmun and Aminul Hoque Tushar, \r\n\r\nThank you for submitting your manuscript for consideration. This will not be distributed to reviewers because it is lacking in several of the key elements that are expected of manuscripts reviewed by ERA. The content that is expected is discussed in Appendixes 1-2 of ERA volume 4 Editorial pages 1-9. This is available through the journal web site. \r\nKey among the missing elements are: 1) an hypothesis or clear and justified scientific reasoning for conducting the research, 2) clear description of ethnographic and botanical methods used, and most importantly 3) a discussion of the research results and why they are important or not. Simply stating that more research is needed is insufficient. The six plants found are fairly common and mostly from the beach strand area. How does this relate to the work? How was information gathered gathered from people and how did this lead to selection of these six plants from among those that they are using? I have personally worked on isolated atolls with floras of 30 species and almost every species is used medicinally. It is common throughout the world that people use typically at least 200 species from their local environment. Finding only six is itself very interesting unless there are only six plants present. Some sort of real discussion of the health care and medicinal plant situation is required if you expect this to be distributed to reviewers. \r\nLastly, within this journal we do not list references, but cite literature where it is appropriate within the text of the paper. Only references that are actually used should be cited.\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-04-29 06:34:43',NULL,1),(8,1,4096,156,19,167,'Etnobotánica Medicinal de los Indígenas Warao de Tucupita y de la','El articulo posee información valiosa sobre la etnia Warao y podría ser de gran interés para la ciencia de la Etnobotánica en general, así como también para ampliar el conocimiento que existe actualmente sobre los Warao quienes están pasando por un periodo de cambios importantes en su cultura. Además, existe muy poca información publicada a nivel internacional sobre la Etnobotánica de los pueblos venezolanos, lo cual a mi parecer, hace que los trabajos en esta área y región sean prioridad en revistas científicas. Sin embargo, el artículo tal y como esta no puede ser publicado por varias razones:\r\n1.La redacción es deficiente. Las oraciones son muy largas y se pierden el hilo de los pensamientos e ideas de los autores. También hay mucha información que sobra.\r\n2.Las distintas partes del articulo deben de ser organizadas y pensadas mejor. Los autores no siguen el método científico. Los objetivos deben estar planteados más claramente en la introduccion. De igual manera, los métodos están desordenados. En la parte de Metodología tiene que haber una descripción más detallada de cómo se empleo cada método (por ejemplo entrevistas, caminatas, inventarios) para conseguir los resultados publicados. \r\n3. Los Resultados están bien aunque se mezclan con la Discusión y podrían estar presentados de manera más ordenada o sintetizada de acuerdo a los objetivos planteados. \r\n4.La Bibliografía es extensa lo cual es muy bueno pero casi ningún trabajo aparece citado en el articulo.\r\n\r\nAnexo estoy mandando mis comentarios sobre el trabajo con correcciones etc. Mucha suerte!','2008-05-18 09:58:26',NULL,1),(9,2,256,149,149,19,'Steps in the discovery of plant-derived drugs in the Tropics','Dear Felix Onyemachi, \r\n\r\nTwo reviewers have responded with evaluations, both negative. I have included one of the reviews below that includes some specific details that are important for your consideration. The paper really is not appropriately written and probably falls into the category of plagiarism in the way that it is currently written. \r\n\r\nThis manuscript is not being accepted for publication in Ethnobotany Research and Applications.\r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer A:\r\nReview of: Steps in the Discovery of plant-derived drugs in the Tropics. \r\nOnyemachi Felix Chiadikobi, Department of Science and Technology, University of The Gambia\r\n\r\nEthnobotanical work leading to the ethical development of medicinal products is a long and difficult process. For this type of research, the methods are not simple, the process is long and there are many stake holders who must be considered (see: Cotton 1997; Etkin 1993; Lipp 1989; Martin 2004). Researchers new to this process may find it useful to understand the skills needed, time required, and the pitfalls and challenges that they will face when they choose to carry out this work.\r\n\r\nThere are two ways that the author of this manuscript could make a real contribution to the field. The first and most powerful would be to carry out such research and report directly on the experience: the methods employed and the challenges met and overcome. A second way would be to search the literature and glean from that vast body of research best practices that when applied together should result in a greater chance for success for researchers who decide to undergo this line of inquiry. \r\n\r\nUnfortunately this manuscript does neither. Nearly the entire work has been carelessly copied from other sources and pieced together; not in a way that indicates a synthesis of ideas but rather in a haphazard way that indicates that no original work or ideas are actually presented.\r\n\r\nFor a discussion of the initial collection of plant material the original sources are (Ibe & Nwufo 2005) and (Wennberg 2006). These sources contribute the bulk of the text of the Abstract.\r\n\r\nThe ethnographic methods section of this paper are largely the work of (Kamatenesi-Mugisha & Oryem-Origa 2007), (Makundi et al. 2006), (Ibe & Nwufo 2005). The sections describing infusions, decoctions and tinctures can be found at http://www.soulhealer.com/herb%20properties.htm. \r\n\r\nThe description of phytochemical analysis is the work of (Wennberg 2006), (Gulfraz et al. 2004), (Dan & Dan 1986), (Erasto et al. 2006), and (Gulfraz et al. 2006). The steps to conduct chromatography were sourced from http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/CHROMO/chromintro.html, and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacognosy.\r\n\r\nThe entire conclusion is taken from (Wennberg 2006). \r\n\r\nI can not recommend this paper for publication. I sincerely hope that the author will take this criticism constructively and realize that the purpose of submitting a paper to a journal is to contribute something original (either original data or ideas, or a new way of looking at the combined work of others) to the greater community of scientists. \r\n\r\nFinally, we all have a responsibility to one another to give credit when we use each others ideas. In those cases we cite our source and in the rare case that we directly use the text written by another person we use quotation marks to carefully inform the reader that we cannot take credit for the words that we are using. I would recommend that this author carefully reviews the proper procedures for avoiding this type of mistake. I have attached a paper from www.Turnitin.com that addresses this issue very thoroughly.\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\nLiterature Cited\r\n\r\nCotton, C. M. (1997). Traditional Phytochemistry. In C. M. Cotton (Ed.), Ethnobotany: Principles and Applications: John Wiley & Sons.\r\n\r\nDan, S., & Dan, S. S. (1986). Phytochemical study of Adansonia digitata, Coccoloba excoriata, Psychotria adenophylla, and Schleichera oleosa. Fitoterapia, 57.\r\n\r\nErasto, P., Grierson, D. S., & Afolayan, A. J. (2006). Bioactive sesquiterpene lactones from the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 106(1), 117-120.\r\n\r\nEtkin, N. L. (1993). Anthropological methods in ethnopharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol, 38(2-3), 93-104.\r\n\r\nGulfraz, M., Arshad, M., Nayyer, N., Kanwal, N., & Nisar, U. (2004). Investigation for Bioactive Compounds of Berberis lyceum Royle and Justicia adhatoda L. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, http://www.siu.edu/~ebl/leaflets/berberis.htm.\r\n\r\nGulfraz, M., Waheed, A., Mehmood, S., & Ihtisham, M. (2006). Extraction and Purification of Various Organic Compounds in Selected Medicinal Plants of Kotli Sattian, District Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, http://www.siu.edu/~ebl/leaflets/kotli.htm.\r\n\r\nIbe, A. E., & Nwufo, M. I. (2005). Identification, collection and domestication of medicinal plants in Southeastern Nigeria. Africa Development, 30(3), 66-77.\r\n\r\nKamatenesi-Mugisha, M., & Oryem-Origa, H. (2007). Medicinal plants used to induce labour during childbirth in western Uganda. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 109(1), 1-9.\r\n\r\nLipp, F. J. (1989). Methods for ethnopharmacological field work. J Ethnopharmacol, 25(2), 139-150.\r\n\r\nMakundi, E. A., Malebo, H. M., Mhame, P., Kitua, A. Y., & Warsame, M. (2006). Role of traditional healers in the management of severe malaria among children below five years of age: the case of Kilosa and Handeni Districts, Tanzania. Malar J, 5, 58.\r\n\r\nMartin, G. J. (2004). Ethnopharmacology and Related Fields. In G. J. Martin (Ed.), Ethnobotany: A Methods Manual: Earthscan.\r\n\r\nWennberg, T. (2006). Computer-assisted separation and primary screening of bioactive compounds. University of Helsinki Helsinki.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-05-18 18:39:42',NULL,1),(10,1,4096,152,7,84,'Community Based Conservation of Medicinal Plants:','a)Does this paper contribute something new to the science of ethnobotany and meet the criteria listed above?\r\n•It has the potential to contribute something new in ethnobotany BUT only after a thorough revision of the entire manuscript. There are many issues such as the sampling design, sample size, the style of writing the manuscript etc that need to be critically addressed. Furthermore, the aspects (or the subject) that were researched on are NOT adequately conceptualized and contextualized. The introduction is very sketchy and it should be made more detailed/comprehensive as the authors revise the manuscript. I am also very concerned the methodology used and the sample sizes. In particular, the authors interviewed only 35 THPs out of 4 districts which is insufficient to provide enough data and information that has been used to write this manuscript. In my own view, what they should have done is to conduct household based interviews in each district and supplement them with interviews with THPs as key informants. They also conduct 4 market surveys in the same 4 districts—this is NOT an adequate sample size considering that districts are expansive administrative units and have many markets. Furthermore, only 47 belt transects each measuring 10m by 100m were used toi assess the status of medicinal plants---this translates to about 5 transects per districts or an area of 5Km per district. Based on my extensive experience of conducting vegetation surveys, this is NOT a sufficient sample size for such huge landscapes and cannot provide reliable data which reflects the true status of the targeted medicinal plant species by the authors. My conclusion is that, the data presented by the authors is highly questionable and is very inadequate and even after revising this manuscript, I doubt whether they will be able to correct this a normally unless they repeat the entire study. They have not even analyzed any of their data.\r\n\r\nb)Would this paper be appealing to a broad range of ethnobotanists? Yes, it would, if it was well designed and also collected relevant and sufficient data.\r\n\r\nc)If the paper has some serious flaw, is there anything about the authors, the topic, or other criteria that should encourage the editor to pursue improvements and publication? I have made very comprehensive/detailed comments and suggestions on the manuscript which should help the authors revise the manusvript….But kindly refer to my concerns in (a) above.','2008-05-20 04:23:46',NULL,0),(11,1,4096,153,12,88,'Utilization and conservation status of geophytes in Malawi','Dear Editor\r\n\r\nThis article contributes to the body of literature on plant use in one of the parts of the world were published literature on many aspects are missing. However, the quality of the manuscripts is not suitable for publication in its current form. \r\n\r\n\r\nOverall, the contribution of the paper to the body of literature is unclear. The way the results were discussed would not appeal to a broad range of ethnobotanist. The paper show some confusion in the method.\r\n\r\nThe authors may seriously re-write the manuscript and submit it again. The introduction needs to clarify the theoretical background and the state of the literature in the domain, the method needs a serious revision, the discussion needs to be re-oriented. Although the title of the manuscript suggests that the implication for conservation is discussed, this is not the case. The references need to include key journal articles that work on similar subject.\r\n\r\nI made suggestions in the review file upload for the author (s).\r\n\r\nSincerely,\r\n\r\nOrou Gaoue','2008-05-20 11:03:39','2008-05-20 11:08:42',0),(12,1,4096,152,8,70,'Community Based Conservation of Medicinal Plants:','a)Does this paper contribute something new to the science of ethnobotany and meet the criteria listed above?\r\nThis paper builds on work that explores medicinal plants as a means to promote conservation. It contributes to this body of work with a case study from western Kenya that includes ecological, market, and cultural data. \r\nWhile the research is interesting and multi-disciplinary, the writing needs considerable work. There are spelling, grammar, and syntax errors. In multiple places the writing is awkward and the meaning of some sentences is unclear. There needs to be more attention to noun-verb agreement and the use of articles (a, the). \r\n\r\nCorrection of author cited: Cunninghum should be Cunningham \r\n\r\nIt would be useful to hear more about how the 16 target species were identified --- both in terms of their species names (how were the botanical names derived from market collections of bark and roots) and in terms of choosing those specific 16 species out of the larger pool of market plants. In addition, the transects need to be described in more detail in terms of their ecology, land use, land tenure, proximity to markets, proximity to THPs who collect, etc. Also, describe the nature of the interviews. What kinds of questions were asked? How long did the interviews last? How were the data verified?\r\n\r\nNo hypotheses were tested or theories generated. I believe that although it is not essential to this paper to have testable hypotheses, there are theories in the literature (related to medicinal plants and conservation) that could be included. (See work by Cunningham and Hamilton, for example.)\r\n\r\nThe work by Van Andel from Surinam is mentioned, but it seems out of context the way it is used. Contextualize this work more, and also describe other work on medicinal plant markets that has been done in Africa. How do these findings compare? Comparing and contrasting your findings with existing related studies helps contribute to a larger understanding of what is occurring. \r\n\r\nd)Please provide any additional constructive comments that you have for the author(s).\r\nI have attached the main text with some comments. Problem words are highlighted. These comments and attempts to point out writing errors are not exhaustive, but indicate some areas to work on.','2008-05-23 12:55:47',NULL,1),(13,1,4096,152,8,70,'Community Based Conservation of Medicinal Plants:','b)Would this paper be appealing to a broad range of ethnobotanists?\r\nYes, with substantial revisions. \r\nc)If the paper has some serious flaw, is there anything about the authors, the topic, or other criteria that should encourage the editor to pursue improvements and publication?\r\nYes. The work expands a growing body of knowledge in Africa on markets, medicinal plants, and conservation.','2008-05-23 12:55:47',NULL,0),(14,1,256,151,6,2,'Potential energy demand and its challenges for forest management in the Kakamega area, Wes','The paper needs to have a few basics added such as clarification of how informants were selected from the population and the methods section separated from the site description. The paper also needs to have clarification about the identification of the species used as fuel.','2008-06-17 09:05:43',NULL,1),(15,2,256,151,151,6,'Potential energy demand and its challenges for forest management in the Kakamega area, Wes','Dear Rainer, \r\n\r\nI am pleased to report that in relationship to the article titled: \"Potential energy demand and its challenges for forest management in the Kakamega area, Western Kenya\" the manuscript has been accepted pending revisions. \r\n\r\nThe revisions are noted on the attached documents from two of the reviewers. The full set of reviews may be seen within the on-line profile. Although there will appear to be conflicting reviews, I think that considering the issues about methods and carefully rewriting that section will address most of the reviewers concerns and make this an acceptable manuscript.\r\n\r\nPlease feel free to contact me if you have any questions.\r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\r\n\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer A:\r\nWhile the aim and purpose of the paper are briefly mentioned in the Abstract, the authors seem to have forgotten to elaborate on those aim and purpose in the Introduction. Nowhere in the Introduction is an indication of the direction of this research or a hypothesis that the authors are testing. Also, are the authors trying to measure potential energy demand or potential demand? The title of the paper indicates the former but the last sentence in the Introduction seems to indicate the latter.\r\n\r\nWhen was this experiment conducted? Has this research been approved by a Human Subjects Protection agency or equivalent? With the ban imposed on wood collection from all forested areas, many of the informants were literally taking a huge risk by participating in the research. Were additional steps taken to protect these informants after the ban?\r\n\r\nIs there a particular reason for not choosing an age class interval of, say 10,15 or 20 in the demographic survey? (This also applies to the head-load survey.) What is the significance of the 15-55 group? Tables 2 and 3 are nice but what is the implication here? What can one deduce from these data? More analysis is needed here.\r\n\r\nAnalysis of data from the economic survey is equally weak. The authors could have categorized the houses into 1) clay/wood wall with thatched roof 2) clay/wood wall with iron sheet roof and 3) bricks wall iron sheet roof. This will allow a better comparison of energy needs and affluency.\r\n\r\nMethods used to standardize the data from the energy survey is extremely vague. The authors need to be very clear about their methods so that other reseachers can verify and replicate their experiments. \r\n\r\nThe authors had identified tree species that were collected for wood fuel but made not indication of having collected any herbarium vouchers. Were herbarium vouchers collected at all? If not, why?\r\n\r\nSomething very disturbing about this paper is that the authors made no attempt to discuss the implications of their results in the Discussion. Tables are presented without any possible hint at what those numbers imply. Do we expect to see a trend or the numbers just do not mean anything? The authors claimed that their results on wood used was different from Nyanga 1999 and KIFCON 1994a partly due to \"the assumptions in the process of standardization\" but did not care to elaborate \"how\". Please elaborate so that readers can learn and understand.\r\n\r\nThe authors should strive to ensure that their references are correct before submission. Nyanga 1999, instead of Nyang 1999 was cited many times in the paper. (Only Nyang 1999 was found in the References.) Chapman et al. 1996 and Ministry of Finance and Planning 1996 were cited but not found in the References. Two other references were not used at all.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\nThe paper needs to have a few basics added such as clarification of how informants were selected from the population and the methods section separated from the site description. The paper also needs to have clarification about the identification of the species used as fuel.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer C:\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-06-17 09:20:01',NULL,1),(16,2,256,152,152,76,'Community Based Conservation of Medicinal Plants:','Dear S. Kibet, P. Kariuki, S. Onyango, S. Kang\'ethe and W. Nyamolo, \r\n\r\nI am sad to report that the manuscript titled: \"Community Based Conservation of Medicinal Plants: A case study of the Luo-Suba of Western Kenya.\" has not been accepted by the peer-reviewers for publication in the journal Ethnobotany Research and Applications. \r\n\r\nPlease find attached some comments that they have made on the document and below some of their remarks. You are more than welcome to rewrite the manuscript and submit it again for consideration by a new set of reviewers. \r\n\r\nI wish you all the best in your research and futures, \r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer A:\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\na)Does this paper contribute something new to the science of ethnobotany and meet the criteria listed above?\r\nThis paper builds on work that explores medicinal plants as a means to promote conservation. It contributes to this body of work with a case study from western Kenya that includes ecological, market, and cultural data. \r\nWhile the research is interesting and multi-disciplinary, the writing needs considerable work. There are spelling, grammar, and syntax errors. In multiple places the writing is awkward and the meaning of some sentences is unclear. There needs to be more attention to noun-verb agreement and the use of articles (a, the). \r\n\r\nCorrection of author cited: Cunninghum should be Cunningham \r\n\r\nIt would be useful to hear more about how the 16 target species were identified --- both in terms of their species names (how were the botanical names derived from market collections of bark and roots) and in terms of choosing those specific 16 species out of the larger pool of market plants. In addition, the transects need to be described in more detail in terms of their ecology, land use, land tenure, proximity to markets, proximity to THPs who collect, etc. Also, describe the nature of the interviews. What kinds of questions were asked? How long did the interviews last? How were the data verified?\r\n\r\nNo hypotheses were tested or theories generated. I believe that although it is not essential to this paper to have testable hypotheses, there are theories in the literature (related to medicinal plants and conservation) that could be included. (See work by Cunningham and Hamilton, for example.)\r\n\r\nThe work by Van Andel from Surinam is mentioned, but it seems out of context the way it is used. Contextualize this work more, and also describe other work on medicinal plant markets that has been done in Africa. How do these findings compare? Comparing and contrasting your findings with existing related studies helps contribute to a larger understanding of what is occurring. \r\n\r\nd)Please provide any additional constructive comments that you have for the author(s).\r\nI have attached the main text with some comments. Problem words are highlighted. These comments and attempts to point out writing errors are not exhaustive, but indicate some areas to work on.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-06-17 09:34:34',NULL,1),(17,2,256,153,153,77,'Ethnonobotanical study of Hyacinthaceae and non hyacinthoide geophtytes in selected distr','Dear Elizabeth Mwafongo, \r\n\r\nI am pleased to report that the manuscript titled: \"Ethnobotanical study of Hyacinthaceae and non-hyacinthoide geophtytes in selected districts of Malawi\" has been accepted for publication in Ethnobotany Research and Application pending submission of a revised manuscript that addresses the concerns of the reviewers. Please find attached a set of comments made by the reviewers. A revised manuscript may be submitted as either an e-mail attachment sent directly to me or may be uploaded into the electronic document system of the journal as you prefer.\r\n\r\nThank you, \r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-06-17 10:26:44',NULL,1),(18,2,256,172,172,185,'Characterization and Conservation of Medicinal Plants used by Tribals of Jhabua District i','Dear Rani Singh, \r\n\r\nThank you for submitting your manuscript titled \"Characterization and Conservation of Medicinal Plants used by Tribals of Jhabua District in Madhya Pradesh, Central India\" for consideration in Ethnobotany Research and Applications. I regret to inform you that the manuscript is not being reviewed further because it does not meet some of the basic requirements for publication in the journal and would result in rejection by peer-reviewers. Please see the editorial article in the journal volume 4:1-10.\r\nSome of the key elements that are missing include a reproducible set of methods (how were informants identified, what questions were asked, who conducted interviews, in what language were the interviews, how were voucher specimens prepared and used in the interviews, etc., etc.?), an hypothesis that served as the basis for the research, a discussion of the results and conclusions that are drawn from the results and analysis of the hypothesis. There is mention of a result of a vegetation study but no method for a vegetation study...and no real result either. The manuscript concludes with a discussion about conservation that seems to have nothing to do with the data that was collected.\r\n\r\nI encourage you to read the editorial mentioned above and consider how the reviewers will analyze a manuscript. We would be pleased to see a new manuscript of your research if you would like to submit it for consideration.\r\n\r\nI wish you all the best in your work, \r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-06-17 10:52:50',NULL,1),(19,2,256,174,174,190,'Occurrence of medicinal plant pollen in Apis cerana honeys of Khammam district, Andhra Pra','Dear Vijaya Bhasker Reddy, \r\n\r\nThank you for submitting your manuscript titled \"Occurrence of medicinal plant pollen in Apis cerana honeys of Khammam district, Andhra Pradesh.\" for review in Ethnobotany Research and Applications. The manuscript was reviewed by two ethnobiologists with expertise in the area of bee-keeping and medicinal honey and both felt that the work was premature for publication. There were two general features that led to this position. First, there is not clear method for sampling of honey to indicate how this is a representative sample from a particular environment and that it is a statistically significant sample. Because of this, it is hard to say what the meaning of the sample is. Second, there is a logical disjunction between use of honey and honey as a medicinal product and use of the same species of plants as medicinal products. This connection is not provided by the authors nor is it implicit in the data.\r\n\r\nAs a general editorial comment and apart from the observations of the reviewers, the paper mentions a number of species of plants but does not cite any voucher specimens as evidence of these species for either the whole plants or for the pollen. It is a standard practice for journals of this sort for papers to cite physical evidence such as voucher specimens. Also, there is a list of medicinal uses of each of the plants and no indication of the source of this knowledge. This is not acceptable. Knowledge learned from informants should be discussed clearly within the methods section, while knowledge acquired through sources should be referenced specifically. \r\n\r\nI am sorry but this manuscript is not acceptable for publication at this time. I do wish you well in your research, which does sound interesting.\r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-06-17 14:31:27',NULL,1),(20,1,4096,173,28,106,'The Medicinal Flora of Sambalpur District, Orissa, India','This is a useful collection of data which are not very effectively analyzed. The analysis focuses on differences when it is clear that there are many more similarities than differences in temperate climate samples on a global basis. If the medicinal flora of Sambalpur is legitimately different (which one can\'t tell from this analysis), then it is a notable discovery requiring intensive analysis.\r\n\r\nI would strongly recommend that the authors examine another work which carries out a comparative analysis of similar data (including the material from Kapur, et al. 1992) which demonstrates very clearly how similar the North American and Kashmiri (and other temperate medicinal floras) actually are: Moerman, et al., \"Comparative Analysis of Five Medicinal Floras,\" J. Ethnobiology, 19(1):49-67, 1999. Were they to replicate that analysis (using correlation analysis) after adding their own (and that from Girach), they might be on the way to a really interesting analysis. This paper can be found at\r\n\r\nhttp://www-personal.umd.umich.edu/~dmoerman/JEB5-floras2.pdf\r\n\r\nNote that the low position of Asteraceae in the current analysis is unprecedented for a non-tropical region. I have seen at least 20 such analyses for groups in the temperate zone, and Asteraceae is never lower than 3rd or 4th from the top in a listing by residuals. If these data are accurate, there is another very interesting series of questions to be asked and answered: Why are there so few Asteraceae in these forests, and why are so few of them utilized?\r\n \r\nThis paper is reasonably well written, but could be much improved with a thorough editing by a native English speaker, or a professional editorial service.','2008-06-18 11:32:13',NULL,1),(21,1,4096,173,28,106,'The Medicinal Flora of Sambalpur District, Orissa, India','Will, while the methods here are legitimate, the analysis is loopy. They don\'t legitimately compare the various floras, but list means. And they don\'t know what to do with what they have. If they want to compare with North America, they have to use the Fabaceae category, not the 3 subfamilies. (there is no plausible way to deconstruct the American data into the 6 categories that would be required otherwise; and not to do so is to compare incomparables.) \r\n\r\nActually the Kapur paper (which I essentially wrote), and the Girach paper, are not too bad. I reviewed the Girach paper for JEP; they essentially copied the Kapur paper, substituting their data for his. This one is much more of a hash, showing that even if you use decent methods, and you don\'t know what you are doing, it won\'t work.','2008-06-18 11:32:13',NULL,0),(22,1,4096,166,26,11,'Botanical Knowledge of South Carolina Elementary School Students','Minor revisions needed - see uploaded file.','2008-06-19 08:57:31','2008-06-19 09:03:58',1),(23,1,4096,161,18,131,'Ethnobotany of Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae), a major food plant of the Sakai tribe at Bant','ENGLISH\r\nThe English is good. But some vocabulary may need to be changed because they are misleading, for example, population “pyramid” and “living areas.” \r\nMETHODS\r\nThe methods need additions, especially better descriptions of sociological/anthropological methods and in particular, the ethical aspects in regards to how the research was negotiated. It is very important that these methods are elaborated on and the article is reviewed again with these additions, because the validity of this paper is compromised without them. The Sakai is a notoriously difficult group to work with in Thailand (and possibly Malaysia too) because they resist most advances of modern culture, and most especially that of scientists. Without more detailed methods, I am skeptical that the researchers were able to collect good data on the population and ethnobotanical use of Dioscorea. For example, I am aware of one registered Sakai village that was constructed by the government and inhabited by the Sakai people only superficially. Researchers often use this village as a Sakai study group, and this would not be very representative of the Sakai population or ethnobotany. On the other hand, it is possible that one of the authors of this paper is from the Sakai group, which is a detail that is well worth adding to this paper. \r\nWhy were only five species, D. calcicola, D. glabra, D. wallichii, D. stemonoides and D. daunaea chosen for nutritional analysis? \r\nHYPOTHESES AND IMPORTANCE OF THE RESEARCH\r\nNo hypotheses or theories are included. This is a descriptive paper, but a very good descriptive paper. Nutritional analysis appears to be well done, however I am neither a nutritionist nor knowledgeable on Dioscorea. I would recommend that another reviewer(s) who can attend to these parts of the research is found. I consider this research topic to be well chosen and important. The Sakai group is quite different than typical Thai/Malaysian local people, because of their nomadic and foraging lifestyle and dependency on tubers as a staple crop. The Sakai’s uniqueness and elusiveness makes any research on this group valuable and interesting. \r\n TABLES AND FIGURES\r\nFantastic artwork, figures and photographs. \r\nGENERAL CONTENT\r\nSection 3.1. The demographic and “living area” data doesn’t tie in very well into the rest of the paper. \r\nSection 3.3.1. Why are the Batak people mentioned? Are they a related group? \r\nSection 4. Some concluding remarks about how the nutritional analysis relates to Sakai ethnobotany or how it can be applied is needed. For example, were the researchers expecting to find the results that they got? There is disjointedness between the nutritional analysis and ethnobotany aspects of the paper. In general the content of the paper needs to be tied together better.','2008-06-22 09:34:16',NULL,1),(24,1,4096,166,27,64,'Botanical Knowledge of South Carolina Elementary School Students','I think this kind of studies shows the level of eco-illiteracy of the younger generations as well as wakeup call to us in that we need to place more effort in ethnobotany education in elementary school in order to remediate this terrible situation. I think this is a very interesting article that documents the limited knowledge of a group of elementary school students in South Carolina, even though the sample size is small.\r\n\r\nI suggest the following improvements in the manuscript:\r\n- To change the name of this paper to:\r\nBotanical Knowledge in a group of South Carolina Elementary School Students. Reason: the group of student participants was limited to only 10 students!\r\n\r\n- It is not clear the use of different name categories in Fig. 1 and Table 1 (garden/crop; food/crop). They seem to refer to same category.\r\n\r\n- In Table 1, it is important to define the categories (multiple use and wild) in order to differentiate them from the others (such as food, ornamental, etc.). \r\n\r\n- In Fig. 1 the category bush/ shrub and others decrease in the post assessment. It is necessary to discuss this situation in order to understand why this happened. It is not logic that after the botanical training during several months the knowledge of these categories decreased.\r\n\r\n- It is important to include a brief explanation of purpose of the ANTHROPAC analysis so as to clarify the results for readers unfamiliar with this package.','2008-07-06 18:08:02',NULL,1),(25,2,256,161,161,154,'Ethnobotany of Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae)','Dear Katesarin Maneenoon,\r\n\r\nI am pleased to report that in relationship to the article titled: \"Ethnobotany of Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae), a major food plant of the Sakai tribe at Banthad Range, Peninsular Thailand\" the manuscript has been accepted pending revisions.\r\n\r\nThe revisions are noted on the attached documents from two of the reviewers. The full set of reviews may be seen within the on-line profile. Although there will appear to be conflicting reviews, I think that considering the issues about methods and carefully rewriting that section will address most of the reviewers concerns and make this an acceptable manuscript.\r\n\r\nPlease feel free to contact me if you have any questions.\r\n\r\nHan Lau\r\nEthnobotany Research and Applications\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer C:\r\nENGLISH\r\nThe English is good. But some vocabulary may need to be changed because they are misleading, for example, population “pyramid” and “living areas.” \r\nMETHODS\r\nThe methods need additions, especially better descriptions of sociological/anthropological methods and in particular, the ethical aspects in regards to how the research was negotiated. It is very important that these methods are elaborated on and the article is reviewed again with these additions, because the validity of this paper is compromised without them. The Sakai is a notoriously difficult group to work with in Thailand (and possibly Malaysia too) because they resist most advances of modern culture, and most especially that of scientists. Without more detailed methods, I am skeptical that the researchers were able to collect good data on the population and ethnobotanical use of Dioscorea. For example, I am aware of one registered Sakai village that was constructed by the government and inhabited by the Sakai people only superficially. Researchers often use this village as a Sakai study group, and this would not be very representative of the Sakai population or ethnobotany. On the other hand, it is possible that one of the authors of this paper is from the Sakai group, which is a detail that is well worth adding to this paper. \r\nWhy were only five species, D. calcicola, D. glabra, D. wallichii, D. stemonoides and D. daunaea chosen for nutritional analysis? \r\nHYPOTHESES AND IMPORTANCE OF THE RESEARCH\r\nNo hypotheses or theories are included. This is a descriptive paper, but a very good descriptive paper. Nutritional analysis appears to be well done, however I am neither a nutritionist nor knowledgeable on Dioscorea. I would recommend that another reviewer(s) who can attend to these parts of the research is found. I consider this research topic to be well chosen and important. The Sakai group is quite different than typical Thai/Malaysian local people, because of their nomadic and foraging lifestyle and dependency on tubers as a staple crop. The Sakai’s uniqueness and elusiveness makes any research on this group valuable and interesting. \r\n TABLES AND FIGURES\r\nFantastic artwork, figures and photographs. \r\nGENERAL CONTENT\r\nSection 3.1. The demographic and “living area” data doesn’t tie in very well into the rest of the paper. \r\nSection 3.3.1. Why are the Batak people mentioned? Are they a related group? \r\nSection 4. Some concluding remarks about how the nutritional analysis relates to Sakai ethnobotany or how it can be applied is needed. For example, were the researchers expecting to find the results that they got? There is disjointedness between the nutritional analysis and ethnobotany aspects of the paper. In general the content of the paper needs to be tied together better.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer D:\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-07-09 13:53:16',NULL,1),(26,2,256,161,161,154,'Ethnobotany of Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae)','I am pleased to report that in relationship to the article titled: \"Ethnobotany of Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae), a major food plant of the Sakai tribe at Banthad Range, Peninsular Thailand\" the manuscript has been accepted pending revisions.\r\n\r\nThe revisions are noted on the attached documents from two of the reviewers. The full set of reviews may be seen within the on-line profile. Although there will appear to be conflicting reviews, I think that considering the issues about methods and carefully rewriting that section will address most of the reviewers concerns and make this an acceptable manuscript.\r\n\r\nPlease feel free to contact me if you have any questions.\r\n\r\nHan Lau\r\nEthnobotany Research and Applications\r\n\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer C:\r\nENGLISH\r\nThe English is good. But some vocabulary may need to be changed because they are misleading, for example, population “pyramid” and “living areas.” \r\nMETHODS\r\nThe methods need additions, especially better descriptions of sociological/anthropological methods and in particular, the ethical aspects in regards to how the research was negotiated. It is very important that these methods are elaborated on and the article is reviewed again with these additions, because the validity of this paper is compromised without them. The Sakai is a notoriously difficult group to work with in Thailand (and possibly Malaysia too) because they resist most advances of modern culture, and most especially that of scientists. Without more detailed methods, I am skeptical that the researchers were able to collect good data on the population and ethnobotanical use of Dioscorea. For example, I am aware of one registered Sakai village that was constructed by the government and inhabited by the Sakai people only superficially. Researchers often use this village as a Sakai study group, and this would not be very representative of the Sakai population or ethnobotany. On the other hand, it is possible that one of the authors of this paper is from the Sakai group, which is a detail that is well worth adding to this paper. \r\nWhy were only five species, D. calcicola, D. glabra, D. wallichii, D. stemonoides and D. daunaea chosen for nutritional analysis? \r\nHYPOTHESES AND IMPORTANCE OF THE RESEARCH\r\nNo hypotheses or theories are included. This is a descriptive paper, but a very good descriptive paper. Nutritional analysis appears to be well done, however I am neither a nutritionist nor knowledgeable on Dioscorea. I would recommend that another reviewer(s) who can attend to these parts of the research is found. I consider this research topic to be well chosen and important. The Sakai group is quite different than typical Thai/Malaysian local people, because of their nomadic and foraging lifestyle and dependency on tubers as a staple crop. The Sakai’s uniqueness and elusiveness makes any research on this group valuable and interesting. \r\n TABLES AND FIGURES\r\nFantastic artwork, figures and photographs. \r\nGENERAL CONTENT\r\nSection 3.1. The demographic and “living area” data doesn’t tie in very well into the rest of the paper. \r\nSection 3.3.1. Why are the Batak people mentioned? Are they a related group? \r\nSection 4. Some concluding remarks about how the nutritional analysis relates to Sakai ethnobotany or how it can be applied is needed. For example, were the researchers expecting to find the results that they got? There is disjointedness between the nutritional analysis and ethnobotany aspects of the paper. In general the content of the paper needs to be tied together better.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer D:\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-07-09 14:03:58',NULL,1),(27,2,256,161,161,154,'Ethnobotany of Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae)','I am pleased to report that in relationship to the article titled: \"Ethnobotany of Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae), a major food plant of the Sakai tribe at Banthad Range, Peninsular Thailand\" the manuscript has been accepted pending revisions.\r\n\r\nThe revisions are noted on the attached documents from two of the reviewers. The full set of reviews may be seen within the on-line profile. Although there will appear to be conflicting reviews, I think that considering the issues about methods and carefully rewriting those issues will address most of the reviewers concerns and make this an acceptable manuscript.\r\n\r\nPlease feel free to contact me if you have any questions.\r\n\r\nHan Lau\r\nEthnobotany Research and Applications\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\nsee attachments\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\nReviewer C:\r\nENGLISH\r\nThe English is good. But some vocabulary may need to be changed because they are misleading, for example, population “pyramid” and “living areas.” \r\nMETHODS\r\nThe methods need additions, especially better descriptions of sociological/anthropological methods and in particular, the ethical aspects in regards to how the research was negotiated. It is very important that these methods are elaborated on and the article is reviewed again with these additions, because the validity of this paper is compromised without them. The Sakai is a notoriously difficult group to work with in Thailand (and possibly Malaysia too) because they resist most advances of modern culture, and most especially that of scientists. Without more detailed methods, I am skeptical that the researchers were able to collect good data on the population and ethnobotanical use of Dioscorea. For example, I am aware of one registered Sakai village that was constructed by the government and inhabited by the Sakai people only superficially. Researchers often use this village as a Sakai study group, and this would not be very representative of the Sakai population or ethnobotany. On the other hand, it is possible that one of the authors of this paper is from the Sakai group, which is a detail that is well worth adding to this paper. \r\nWhy were only five species, D. calcicola, D. glabra, D. wallichii, D. stemonoides and D. daunaea chosen for nutritional analysis? \r\nHYPOTHESES AND IMPORTANCE OF THE RESEARCH\r\nNo hypotheses or theories are included. This is a descriptive paper, but a very good descriptive paper. Nutritional analysis appears to be well done, however I am neither a nutritionist nor knowledgeable on Dioscorea. I would recommend that another reviewer(s) who can attend to these parts of the research is found. I consider this research topic to be well chosen and important. The Sakai group is quite different than typical Thai/Malaysian local people, because of their nomadic and foraging lifestyle and dependency on tubers as a staple crop. The Sakai’s uniqueness and elusiveness makes any research on this group valuable and interesting. \r\n TABLES AND FIGURES\r\nFantastic artwork, figures and photographs. \r\nGENERAL CONTENT\r\nSection 3.1. The demographic and “living area” data doesn’t tie in very well into the rest of the paper. \r\nSection 3.3.1. Why are the Batak people mentioned? Are they a related group? \r\nSection 4. Some concluding remarks about how the nutritional analysis relates to Sakai ethnobotany or how it can be applied is needed. For example, were the researchers expecting to find the results that they got? There is disjointedness between the nutritional analysis and ethnobotany aspects of the paper. In general the content of the paper needs to be tied together better.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer D:\r\nsee attachments\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-07-09 14:18:15',NULL,1),(28,2,256,163,163,2,'On Secrecy','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-07-26 07:39:49',NULL,1),(29,2,256,189,189,2,'MODES OF COMPENSATION IN EXCHANGE FOR INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE: A CASE STUDY OF THE FEDERAL CA','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-07-26 09:08:51',NULL,1),(30,2,256,180,180,210,'Is Hedysarum Mackenzii (Wild Sweet Pea) Actually Toxic?','Dear Edward Treadwell, \r\n\r\nI am pleased to report that the reviewers have accepted the manuscript titled \"Is Hedysarum Mackenzii (Wild Sweet Pea) Actually Toxic?\" that was submitted for consideration by Ethnobotany Research and Applications. \r\n\r\nThere were no negative comments but two considerations raised.\r\n\r\n1. Is there a reason why the authors have failed to mention the best selling book \"Into the Wild\" by John Krakauer that includes death of its real life hero possibly by this specific plant. If factual this would seem to be evidence to the contrary and should probably be discussed in some way. It is unclear from the book if the author changed from eating H. alpinium to H. mackenzii or to some Solanaceous species. The movie version makes it appear to be a switch to Datura(?) \r\n\r\n2. It is unusual for a paper in this journal (ERA) to not cite some of the ethnobotanical literature on a subject. Each of the following references discuss this particular species and include information on its edible uses.\r\n\r\nFacciola. S. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications 1990\r\n\r\nHedrick. U. P. Sturtevant\'s Edible Plants of the World. Dover Publications 1972\r\n\r\nHolloway, P.S. & G. Alenander. 1989. Ethnobotany of the Fort Yukon Region, Alaska. Economic Botany 44(2)214-225\r\n\r\nKunkel. G. Plants for Human Consumption. Koeltz Scientific Books 1984\r\n\r\nMoerman, D.E. Native American Ethnobotany. Timber Press 1998\r\n\r\nUphof. J. C. Th. Dictionary of Economic Plants. Weinheim 1959 \r\n\r\nUsher. G. A Dictionary of Plants Used by Man. Constable 1974\r\n\r\nPlease make any changes that you feel you wish to make to improve the document. Often authors have included a second language abstract and photos. These are optional but are suggested. \r\n\r\nThe publication can be processed by a copy editor fairly promptly and a galley produced for your review, once a final draft is received.\r\n\r\nThank you, \r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-07-26 19:13:48',NULL,1),(31,2,256,180,180,210,'Is Hedysarum Mackenzii (Wild Sweet Pea) Actually Toxic?','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-07-26 19:14:17',NULL,1),(32,2,256,166,166,172,'Botanical Knowledge of South Carolina Elementary School Students','Dear Chanda, \r\n\r\nI am pleased to report that the manuscript that you submitted for review in Ethnobotany Research and Applications has been accepted pending minor revisions. Please find attached and listed below the reviewer comments. \r\nOnce you have addressed the comments please submit a revised manuscript to me, either as an e-mail attachment or through the Internet site.\r\n\r\nI\'m glad that you are doing this work! \r\n\r\nWill\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer A:\r\nMinor revisions needed - see uploaded file.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\nI think this kind of studies shows the level of eco-illiteracy of the younger generations as well as wakeup call to us in that we need to place more effort in ethnobotany education in elementary school in order to remediate this terrible situation. I think this is a very interesting article that documents the limited knowledge of a group of elementary school students in South Carolina, even though the sample size is small.\r\n\r\nI suggest the following improvements in the manuscript:\r\n- To change the name of this paper to:\r\nBotanical Knowledge in a group of South Carolina Elementary School Students. Reason: the group of student participants was limited to only 10 students!\r\n\r\n- It is not clear the use of different name categories in Fig. 1 and Table 1 (garden/crop; food/crop). They seem to refer to same category.\r\n\r\n- In Table 1, it is important to define the categories (multiple use and wild) in order to differentiate them from the others (such as food, ornamental, etc.). \r\n\r\n- In Fig. 1 the category bush/ shrub and others decrease in the post assessment. It is necessary to discuss this situation in order to understand why this happened. It is not logic that after the botanical training during several months the knowledge of these categories decreased.\r\n\r\n- It is important to include a brief explanation of purpose of the ANTHROPAC analysis so as to clarify the results for readers unfamiliar with this package.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-07-26 19:24:13',NULL,1),(33,2,256,166,166,172,'Botanical Knowledge of South Carolina Elementary School Students','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-07-26 19:26:22',NULL,1),(34,1,4096,191,38,31,'On Secrecy','Well, yeah, in the best of all possible worlds this would be perfect. Even now, the errors should very possibly be on the side of disclosure, rather than secrecy. However, this is a rough world, where there was that scandal with neem oil, the attempt to patent the word \"basmati\" for rice that wasn\'t even basmati, the endless conflict between indigenous groups and their governments over who gets the money if a drug pays off, the problems of projects like the Berlins\' Procomith project, and so on. The legal situation is very cloudy, and courts worldwide have been tending to lean over backward to enforce patents, even horribly immoral ones like patenting genes. (Surely existence of billions of copies of something over millions of years should count as prior art! But it doesn\'t, to American courts.) \r\nSecrecy is costing the world a lot. I know some better remedies for itch and skin problems than anything in the drug store, and I\'m sure there are people out there who know AIDS cures, cancer cures, MRSA cures, etc., and aren\'t talking. We need to find a solution and get this material published, but how to do it without launching a ripoff game is a real problem. \r\nThus, I thoroughly sympathize with this ms., and enjoyed it thoroughly, and see nothing wrong with it as far as it goes, but, really, there has to be a concrete proposal about what to do in the real world. An indication of a needed law establishing widespread, unbounded traditional use as \"prior art\" would be a possibility. But of course some traditional groups do have traditional ownership of intellectual property, e.g. the Northwest Coast Native ownership of medical secrets as well as songs, dances, and such by particular individuals, descent groups, or ethnic subgroups (\"tribes\"/\"nations\"). This gets messy.\r\nMy best of all worlds would probably not be total-open-access; it would be more like respecting traditional norms. Some peoples love to share their knowledge with the whole world (the Chinese have published all their herbal knowledge that they can get their hands on). Others are secretive. Others have traditional rights that can be honored and the public served. Anyway, the point is that this article really has to consider the problems--the neem oil syndrome, so to speak.','2008-07-29 08:16:08',NULL,1),(35,1,4096,191,38,31,'On Secrecy','This is a great op-ed piece, and I hate to interfere with it, but I think Dan has to consider the reasons that secrecy is now de rigueur.','2008-07-29 08:16:08',NULL,0),(36,2,512,176,176,192,'Ethnomedical Knowledge of Plants – A Cause Study of Paniya Tribes in Nilgiri District of T','Dear author,\r\n\r\nPlease find the comments on your manuscript attached.\r\n\r\nAll reviewers suggest profound revisions of your manuscript. Based on the reviews, we have decided to decline acceptance of the manuscript in its present form, but encourage you to re-write your manuscript in accordance with the reviewer comments, and re-submit it as a new paper.\r\n\r\nRegards,\r\nRainer Bussmann\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-08-06 03:54:37',NULL,1),(37,2,512,176,176,192,'Ethnomedical Knowledge of Plants – A Cause Study of Paniya Tribes in Nilgiri District of T','Dear author,\r\n\r\nPlease find the comments on your manuscript attached.\r\n\r\nAll reviewers suggest profound revisions of your manuscript. Based on the reviews, we have decided to decline acceptance of the manuscript in its present form, but encourage you to re-write your manuscript in accordance with the reviewer comments, and re-submit it as a new paper.\r\n\r\nRegards,\r\nRainer Bussmann\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-08-06 03:56:31',NULL,1),(38,2,256,166,166,172,'Botanical Knowledge of South Carolina Elementary School Students','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-08-16 06:46:50',NULL,1),(39,2,256,166,166,172,'Botanical Knowledge of South Carolina Elementary School Students','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-08-16 06:48:27',NULL,1),(40,2,256,169,169,175,'The Mexican medicinal plants with antifungal properties are an economic and health opportu','Dear Mauro Martinez-Pacheco,\r\n\r\nThank you for submitting your manuscript \"The Mexican medicinal plants with antifungal properties are an economic and health opportunity area.\" for consideration by Ethnobotany Research and Applications. \r\nThe paper is well written and discusses an interesting subject matter. However, two reviewers have considered the document and have each determined that it is not appropriate for publication in the journal for the following reasons:\r\n1. The work is primarily a review, yet does not provide any new metadata analysis or theoretical results. ERA does not publish review articles unless they include clear new research and results.\r\n2. There are apparently recent works discussing similar research that are more inclusive that this. (I did not ask the reviewers to provide these since point 1 is sufficient for non-publication.)\r\n\r\nDespite the above, I found your paper to be a good paper and I do hope that you will consider publication in this journal in the future.\r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\r\nEthnobotany Research and Applications\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-08-16 11:49:01',NULL,1),(41,2,256,169,169,175,'The Mexican medicinal plants with antifungal properties are an economic and health opportu','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-08-16 11:49:38',NULL,1),(42,2,256,151,151,6,'Potential energy demand and its challenges for forest management in the Kakamega area, Wes','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-08-16 13:17:07',NULL,1),(43,2,256,206,206,293,'Using auxin pathways to investigate tagged neurotransmitters for brain imaging.','Dear Sherry Dingman, \r\n\r\nThank you for submitting your manuscript for consideration by ERA. While I personally, as a pharmacologist and botanist, found the paper compelling, it is not really within the domain of this journal. This journal deals with ethnobotany and this appears to be elsewhere. I am sure that there is a more appropriate journal for publication of this research which would become lost within ERA and not really be appreciated by ethnobotanists for what it represents.\r\n\r\nThis has not been distributed for peer-review. \r\n\r\nThank you, \r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-08-23 12:08:53',NULL,1),(44,2,256,161,161,154,'Ethnobotany of Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae), a major food plant of the Sakai tribe at Bant','Dear Katesarin Maneenoon, \r\n\r\nI am pleased to report that the revised version of the manuscript is acceptable although some editing will need to be done to the English. I am forwarding the manuscript to an English editor who will then process it for galley production. In the mean while, ERA does not publish photo plates, so if you could please submit individual photos of the images in the plate those will be used in the publication.\r\n\r\nThank you, \r\n\r\nWill McClatchey\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-08-28 13:08:28',NULL,1),(45,2,256,205,205,154,'Ethnobotany of Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae), a major food plant of the Sakai tribe at Bant','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-08-28 13:11:01',NULL,1),(46,2,256,182,182,217,'Healing Traditions of Southern India and the Conservation of Culture and Biodiversity: A','Dear Todd Pesek, \r\n\r\nTwo reviewers have now provided comments on the manuscript that was submitted to Ethnobotany Research and Applications. Both indicated that the work appears to be interesting but is lacking in some essential features. \r\n\r\nThe botanical reviewer provided the following comments: \r\n\"This is an interesting study that has potential. Unfortunately, the mss. as now written has a number of problems. Those mentioned below are the major points, although it will require considerable editing by the journal to resolve many minor problems.\r\n1). The mss. needs maps with locations of the study sites. Most of us are not that familiar with India, much less the Ghats terrain.\r\n2). The mss. is excessively wordy. It could be considerably shortened by use of maps and tables.\r\n3). “Preliminary Results” is hard to follow. Perhaps subheadings might be used to better orient readers.\r\n A. The discussion jumps between individual healers and groups. This seems disorganized to the reader.\r\nB. Tables with results in percentages of responses of healers interviewed would be more effective to convey patterns, etc.\r\nC. Many Indian words are not familiar to Western readers. Some are given with derivations, but most are without (e.g., p. 10).\r\n4). Plants are mentioned only peripherally. Indeed, the purpose of the paper is not clear. Is the purpose to report how the healers view the various topics discussed, healing, religion, etc. OR is it to promote conservation and sustained use of resources. More focus on one or the other is needed.\" \r\n\r\n\r\nAn anthropology reviewer provided the following comments:\r\n\r\n\"Although this paper is of interest and is asking an interesting question, it does not appear to be firmly grounded in the literature of the region nor the theoretical voice of a particular subdiscipline. This could be easily remedied by clearly indicating the position from which the authors are building their case and the theoretical framework that is being used to enlighten and evaluate the work.\r\nThe research is a bit rough and probably needs to be carefully rewritten. Perhaps it has been rushed to the publisher. Some parts are missing that although not always provided in other journals, are typical of this journal. The authors should be providing the research tool that was used and not just a description of it. The authors should be clearly indicating the informed consent process that was used and how human subjects approval was evaluated and granted.\" \r\n\r\nBased on the above comments, the manuscript is not being accepted at this time, but could be accepted if submitted with the above aspects clearly addressed.\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-08-28 13:28:21',NULL,1),(47,2,256,152,152,76,'Community Based Conservation of Medicinal Plants:','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-08-28 13:45:42',NULL,1),(48,2,256,154,154,82,'Wild edible fruit species cultural domain, informant species competence and preference in','Dear Fentahun Mengistu Tiruneh, \r\n\r\nPlease accept my apology for the delay in the review of your manuscript. Two reviewers considered the work and found it to be interesting but needing some revisions. For now, you may consider the paper as accepted pending revisions.\r\nIf you will look within the journal web site under your file you will find suggestions and an edited document prepared by one of the reviewers. Generally, there is a need for editing of the English and it is recommended that if possible you get the final manuscript read first by a native English speaker before re-submitting it. Please carefully consider the reviewers comments and resubmit the manuscript either through the web site or as an e-mail attachment sent to me.\r\n\r\nThank you, \r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-08-28 14:00:09',NULL,1),(49,2,256,207,207,306,'The Work of Ethnography in the Age of Digital Reproduction: Implications of New Media for','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-08-28 14:29:10',NULL,1),(50,2,256,208,208,307,'A Survey of Traditional Medicinal Plant of the Ewenk Ethnic Group in Hulun Buir, Inner Mon','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-08-28 14:30:01',NULL,1),(51,2,256,153,153,77,'Ethnonobotanical study of Hyacinthaceae and non hyacinthoide geophtytes in selected distr','Dear Elizabeth, It has been two months since I sent you a message indicating that your manuscript was accepted pending revisions. As far as I can tell from the computer records, you have not logged into the system to inspect the reviewers comments in order to learn what corrections were recommended. Do you need assistance with this or are you still planning on submitting a revising manuscript?\r\n\r\nThank you, \r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\r\nEthnobotany Research and Applications\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-08-28 14:34:58',NULL,1),(52,2,256,165,165,169,'Effects of Simulated Preparations of Plants used in Nigerian Traditional Medicine on Candi','Dear Adenike Adedayo Ogunshe, \r\n\r\nI am pleased to report that the three reviewers of your paper have agreed that it is acceptable for publication. There is only one question that remains to be addressed and that is posed below within the review that was submitted by one of the reviewers: \r\n\r\n[The methods used in this research are basic and difficult to screw up. \r\nOnly one potential problem is noted and this is perhaps merely an English problem. Botanical voucher specimens of the actual samples tested should have been prepared and deposited as a permanent record in the herbarium. However, the following sentence in the manuscript makes it sound like specimens were only used as reference from the herbarium and not newly deposited: “Botanical identification and vouchers of the plant materials was obtained from the Herbarium of Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.” As long as the authors can re-write this and clearly verify that specimens were deposited then it should be ok.\r\nThe paper is not really that exciting and does not really discuss the most recent work, but cites work that is ten years old for the most part. Perhaps this reflects the time of one of the researcher’s work elsewhere or limits on access to research references locally. It is not a critical fault.]\r\n\r\nPlease address this issue in an e-mail and then we can begin the process the manuscript.\r\n\r\nThank you, \r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-08-28 15:27:01',NULL,1),(53,2,256,173,173,187,'The Medicinal Flora of Sambalpur District, Orissa, India','Dear Chiranjibi Pattanaik, \r\n\r\nI regret to inform you that the reviewers of your manuscript have determined that it is not acceptable for publication at this time. The following is the comments by one of the reviewers. One reviewer recommended that you consider citing some of the recently published updated methods such as Bennett B.C., Husby C.E., 2008. Patterns of medicinal plant use: An examination of the Ecuadorian Shuar medicinal flora using contingency table and binomial analyses, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 116, 3, 422-430. These point out that this method is not statistically sound and that there is a better way in which to conduct the analysis. If you would like to have this provided, I can send it to you via e-mail.\r\n\r\nA second reviewer provided the following comments:\r\n\r\nSubject: The Medicinal Flora of Sambalpur District, Orissa, India\r\nThis is a useful collection of data which are not very effectively analyzed. The analysis focuses on differences when it is clear that there are many more similarities than differences in temperate climate samples on a global basis. If the medicinal flora of Sambalpur is legitimately different (which one can\'t tell from this analysis), then it is a notable discovery requiring intensive analysis.\r\n\r\nI would strongly recommend that the authors examine another work which carries out a comparative analysis of similar data (including the material from Kapur, et al. 1992) which demonstrates very clearly how similar the North American and Kashmiri (and other temperate medicinal floras) actually are: Moerman, et al., \"Comparative Analysis of Five Medicinal Floras,\" J. Ethnobiology, 19(1):49-67, 1999. Were they to replicate that analysis (using correlation analysis) after adding their own (and that from Girach), they might be on the way to a really interesting analysis. This paper can be found at\r\n\r\nwww-personal.umd.umich.edu/~dmoerman/JEB5-floras2.pdf\r\n\r\nNote that the low position of Asteraceae in the current analysis is unprecedented for a non-tropical region. I have seen at least 20 such analyses for groups in the temperate zone, and Asteraceae is never lower than 3rd or 4th from the top in a listing by residuals. If these data are accurate, there is another very interesting series of questions to be asked and answered: Why are there so few Asteraceae in these forests, and why are so few of them utilized?\r\n\r\nThis paper is reasonably well written, but could be much improved with a thorough editing by a native English speaker, or a professional editorial service.\r\n\r\n\r\nI wish you well.\r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\r\nEthnobotany Research and Applications\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-08-28 15:54:48',NULL,1),(54,1,4096,199,47,217,'Relationship between four Tribal Communities and their Natural Resources in the Koraput Re','This paper brings out some interesting points and is an interesting read. In particular, the evolution of indigenous pharmacopoeia to include new introductions and selective sparring of tree species of cultural, economic and subsistence-based import are notable findings indeed. However, there is little to indicate that this paper reflects an orderly cross-cultural, comparative study. It is more like a disorderly presentation on a few items which the authors found interesting. There is no mention of research protocol, informed consent, or institutional review board approval. And, there is little semblance of organized findings. The authors need to completely overhaul this paper paying careful attention to what they want to report. If they choose to focus on the two most notable themes which emerged from this study, in my view and as mentioned above, then they could present a systematic qualitative analysis of the varied groups and similar practices comparatively. They should also carefully articulate their research protocols and consent/instrument process. As is, this paper should not be accepted, however, I would strongly recommend reworking as above and resubmitting to ER&A with a bit more of a focus on how we could apply the findings.','2008-08-31 05:50:54',NULL,1),(55,2,256,221,221,324,'Ethnobotanical Study of the Sannio Area, Campania, Southern Italy','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-09-01 11:24:03',NULL,1),(56,2,256,215,215,313,'ETHNOBOTANICAL, MEDICINAL AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS: A CASE STUDY OF KACHCHH DESE','Dear Dr. Joshi, \r\n\r\nYour manuscript has been reviewed and the consensus of the reviewers is that it is not acceptable for publication in Ethnobotany Research and Applications. The primary reasons for this determination are that it does not include adequate descriptions of methodology, the actual research results, a basis for conducting the research, and discussion of the research results. \r\n\r\nI appreciate your time waiting for this review.\r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-09-01 16:18:03',NULL,1),(57,2,256,223,223,327,'Indigenous Use and Ethnopharmacology of Medicinal Plants in Far-West Nepal','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-09-01 19:38:25',NULL,1),(58,5,65536,180,180,210,'Is Hedysarum Mackenzii (Wild Sweet Pea) Actually Toxic?','1. CHANGE full zip for Dr. Clausen: 99775-6160\r\n2. CHANGE p391, column 1, Introduction, 2nd to last sentence: order of references (Krakauer before Penn) as text orders it as \"book/movie\"\r\n3. FORMATING p320, 1st column, 2nd full paragraph and 1st paragraph under \"Results Alkaloid extract composition\": the 14 of 14N should be superscripted\r\n4. CHANGE p320, 1st column, 2nd full paragraph (starts with 14N NMR): delete \"the\" before \"pyridine\" in \"as the solvent and the pyridine, dimethylformamide...\"\r\n5. FORMATTING p320, 1st column, Results section: \"Comparative TLC results\" should be in italics and bold, as is done for \"Alkaloid extract composition\"\r\n6. FORMATTING p 320, 2nd column, Discussion, Anecdotal evidendce, 1st paragraph: insert a comma after \"Even more disturbing\"\r\n7. CHANGE p 320, 2nd column, Discussion, Anecdotal evidence, 3rd paragraph: \"Alaskan Indians\" to \"Alaskan Natives\" (to as not slight the contribution of Alaskan Eskimos)\r\n8. FORMATTING p 321, Literature Cited, Hulten: there should be an acute accent above the \"e\" in \"Hulten\"\r\n9. CHANGE p 321, Literature Cited, Lokvam: \"Clusia\" is mispelled as \"lCusia\" in article title','2008-09-04 17:10:09',NULL,0),(59,5,65536,180,180,210,'Is Hedysarum Mackenzii (Wild Sweet Pea) Actually Toxic?','Thank you.','2008-09-04 17:10:30',NULL,0),(60,2,256,229,229,913,'Isolation of Mucilage From Litsea Glutinosa Wall. & Evaluation of Binding Property','Dear Sunil Kumar Mishra, \r\n\r\nThank you for submitting your manuscript for consideration by this journal, however since it has no basis in the field of ethnobotany, it will not be reviewed and is being returned to you.\r\nI am sure that this is fine work that can be published elsewhere.\r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-09-10 06:25:43',NULL,1),(61,2,256,154,154,82,'Wild edible fruit species cultural domain, informant species competence and preference in','Thank you for submitting the revised version and addressing the reviewers concerns. The manuscript has been forwarded to a copy editor. Once she has formatted a galley this will be returned to you for evaluation before publication.\r\n\r\nThank you, \r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-09-11 07:22:06',NULL,1),(62,1,4096,196,52,275,'Botanical Knowledge of a Group of College Students in South Carolina, U.S.A.','A) Article reveals a methodological flaw in the way data is compared when surveying industrialized societies (reflected by university students in this study) and resource-dependent societies on their knowledge of plants, something I’ve not considered. It points readers to an important consideration – understanding the significance of cultural saliency between groups in terms of the plants chosen to survey. \r\n\r\nArticle seems to meet criteria in all areas. It makes a case for more in-depth analysis of data in this study by showing that the data as collected does not represent the true outcome. Author suggests the next step in the study and hypothesizes results. Her prediction is obvious and could be considered so predictable that the reader may not be interested in hearing about the research in later publications. \r\n\r\nB) In my opinion from an informal science perspective, I believe this study has particular value to those working with teachers in K-12 schools. It is a good example of a base-line study with an easily reproducible model for data collection, is easy to read and interpret, and it models data results in a variety of charts and tables. The study could easily apply to children and adolescents in public schools and could guide teachers in curriculum planning. \r\n\r\nD) Information from this study informs place-based learning and efforts to get children outdoors to connect with nature. It makes a case for providing cultural connections to the study of plants and reinforces the need for those direct experiences in a variety of settings so that children become familiar with not only cultivated plants in the landscape but also those native to their place. This, as stated, builds eco-literacy which is necessary for sustainable resource management. I can use this information on a number of levels for our work with children.','2008-09-11 12:26:14',NULL,1),(63,2,256,191,191,106,'On Secrecy','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-09-12 04:33:09',NULL,1),(64,2,256,201,201,269,'Ethnomedicinal knowledge and plant parts used by the Khasia tribe of Sylhet region, Bangla','Dear Dr. Sharif Ahmed Mukul, \r\n\r\nYour manuscript has been reviewed and a decision has been made that it is not yet ready for publication in Ethnobotany Research and Applications. Below are comments from two of the reviewers. One of the reviewers also posted some editorial remarks in a manuscript draft and these may be seen in your file through the journal web site. \r\n\r\nI do not wish to discourage you from your important research but want to provide you with encouragement that you are doing good works that are needed in this world. With this in mind, I encourage you to examine the editorial provided in this journal in volume 4:1-10 Improving Quality of International Ethnobotany Research and Publications. This document contains some recommendation on ways to improve manuscript quality. I very much look forward to seeing a future manuscript submitted and hope that the result is positive the next time.\r\n\r\nSincerely, \r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\r\n\r\n\r\nTo Editor and Author:\r\n\r\n* Written in clear English? The whole document needs proofreading for\r\nsyntax, grammar, spelling and punctuation.\r\n\r\n* Subject adequately conceptualized and contextualized? NO\r\n\r\n* Methods are reproducible? YES\r\n\r\n* Methods sufficiently described? NO. Total number of informants? gender,\r\nage, other factors? what\r\nproportion of the Khasia population is this?\r\n\r\n* Hypotheses are tested and theories generated? N.A.\r\n\r\n* Conclusions follow from research methods and results? NO\r\n\r\n* Tables and figures are clear and pertinent? Figs 3 and 5 are redundant.\r\n\r\n* Citations are relevant? YES\r\n\r\n* No critical parts of the paper are missing, but needs more details and\r\ndiscussion.\r\n\r\n\r\nTo: Editor\r\nEthnobotany Research and Applications\r\n\r\nFrom: Anonymous Reviewer\r\n\r\nSubject: Review of submitted MS\r\n\r\nUddin, M.D. and Mukul, S.A.\r\nEthnomedicinal knowledge and plant parts used by the Khasia tribe of Sylhet region, Bangladesh\r\n\r\n1. This paper contributes a list of 26 plants reputedly used by the Khasia tribe to treat 29 ailments, with a simple calculation of the percentages of the different life forms, i.e., tree shrub, etc., and the different basic parts of plants used, i.e., leaves, fruit, etc. The paper as it stands, but with considerable editing, might serve as a basis for further, more in depth, scientific research.\r\n\r\n2. This paper would not appeal to a broad range of ethnobotanists; it might be insightful to those interested in cross-cultural use of plants from medicinal purposes, or to those who may do related research among the Khasia tribe.\r\n\r\n3. Serious flaws abound in this paper. The methodological section, similar to the whole paper is very short and provides a dearth of information regarding the ways in which the informants were chosen and how they were randomly picked to interview. There is no mention of voucher specimens collected or deposited for verification. There is no need to elaborate on the flaws elsewhere, they are many and basically are a reflection of the scanty information and discussion provided by the authors\r\n\r\n4. The topic, the study area, and the people involved are definitely worthy of a thorough, well-planned and scientifically undertaken effort. As it stands, the paper is written in poor English, but could be salvaged for possible publication in Ethnobotany, the journal of the Society of Ethnobotanists in India. Such publication of a list of plants used medicinally among relatively obscure tribal peoples is a mainstay of this journal’s publications and does serve as a first approximation towards understanding the breadth, if not the depth of plant use among the vast human population in the ecologically diverse South Asian region. This reviewer would be willing to rewrite the text as needed, and if available, integrate any other relevant information concerning the plants listed and their uses as recorded by the authors\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-09-17 07:58:55',NULL,1),(65,1,4096,185,67,65,'PLANTS USED FOR FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NIGERIA','Although I felt that the manuscript was one of interest, it lacked academic rigor in that the work was not hypothesis driven nor was the data statisitcally analyzed. I noted several editorial comments throughout the paper using track changes, so please turn on \"Tracking\" to view my comments.','2008-09-17 10:00:17',NULL,1),(66,1,4096,185,67,65,'PLANTS USED FOR FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NIGERIA','Although I felt that the manuscript was one of interest, it lacked academic rigor in that the work was not hypothesis driven nor was the data statisitcally analyzed. I noted several editorial comments throughout the paper using track changes, so please turn on \"Tracking\" to view my comments.','2008-09-17 10:00:17',NULL,0),(67,2,256,235,235,289,'ETHNOBOTANY AND CONSERVATION OF PLANT RESOURCES OF KAINJI LAKE NATIONAL PARK, NIGERIA','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-09-18 08:47:37',NULL,1),(68,2,256,191,191,106,'On Secrecy','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-09-18 08:54:31',NULL,1),(69,1,4096,197,49,108,'The Contribution of Forest Products','This is an interesting study on the important question of how to value non-timber forest resources. The context for the study is well-described; some photos of the landscape and plant collecting would be useful.\r\n\r\nThe paper has two problems:\r\n1. The critique of existing methods of valuation is scattered across the paper, in both introducton and discussion. It needs to be brought together in the introduction, taking care to avoid any repetion. The critique could be shortened considerably.\r\n\r\n2. The methodology of the numeraire (bicycle) is unclear. Why is it better than the conventional approach, asking people to attach a monetary value to a resource? How consistent were the valuations? It would be good to have more detail on this, and in general on the methodology of the study.\r\n\r\nSome further comments are made on the manuscript.','2008-09-22 11:47:35','2008-09-22 11:48:44',1),(70,1,4096,197,49,108,'The Contribution of Forest Products','I found this interesting - but think the paper could be considerably tightened. The description of the merhodolgy is a thin - I ended up not absolutely clear what ranking exercises were undertaken and how they translated into bicycles (might become clearer on re-reading yet again, but the info should be easier to come by!). The critique of existing methods and a certain amount of general statements could be removed, allowing more space for the main argument of the paper. If this was done, it seems well worth publishing, both of local and methodological interest.','2008-09-22 11:47:35','2008-09-22 11:48:53',0),(71,1,4096,187,62,93,'Ethnomedicinal knowledge on gastric disease by the Mising tribe of North East India','The study by Mili et al. mainly presents results from one traditional healer in the Sivasagar district in NE India. In this study, there are two field villages selected (Major Bari and Ligiri Bari) but it is unclear if the healer belongs to either of these villages or to yet another village. Further in the section on data collection, it is stated that data from the healer (the key participant) was cross-checked (through informal discussions) with other healers of the region as well as with aged people, but we do not get to know any further background information on any of these participants. From the title, it sounds as if this manuscript presents ethnomedical knowledge of the Mising tribe but I find it very problematic to extrapolate data from one main participant to a whole tribe. \r\n\r\nThe background of the paper is too general. It focuses on the value of ethnobotanical research in general and goes on to say that the region is bioculturally diverse and that the plants growing there have not been investigated from an ethnomedical perspective. This is a standard introduction which does not teach us something new. Instead, it would be better to provide specific information on this particular study. Why did the authors decide to focus on gastrointestinal diseases? Why did they single out the missing tribe? What has lead to this study? Is this the first ethnobotanical study in that area? \r\n\r\nThe section on study area, people and culture is, again, too general. We do not need three pages of information about the whole of India, or the state of Assam (to which the field sites belong). Please try to be specific about the phytogeography and ecology of the selected study sites and the tribes who live there. Also, include information on the type of plant specialists of the Mising tribe (are there different types of healers? Are there healers who only deal with spiritual matters? Are there healers who only specialize in plants? Are there healers who specialize in both?). Why was only one healer selected who provided the main information in this study? Why were other healers only consulted in an informal way?\r\n\r\nThe authors identify 8 plant species for gastrointestinal disorders which is a low number given the fact that there exist at least 4,000 medicinal species in India. Moreover, of these 8 species, 4 are spices (cardamom, nutmeg, cloves, black pepper), and two are cultivated, so I am wondering to which degree the knowledge recorded here represents “specialized” and “authentic” knowledge as claimed by the authors. According to the authors, data from this study is “unique in nature”; they do not, however, substantiate this claim. This simply calls for an extensive literature review of the worldwide ethnomedical uses of the listed species. In the section on results and discussion not a single literature reference is provided by the authors, which makes the manuscript meager in bibliography. \r\n\r\nThe first paragraph in the section of results and discussion belongs to materials and methods.\r\n\r\nThe authors state that “the plant ingredients used for treatment of gastric problems by Mising healer have “numerous uses””. This statement is simply too vague (how many uses, how is “numerous” defined?). Also, it is not entirely clear whether these uses are derived from interview data with multiple persons (key healers and/or how many other people? How many people per species?) or not. In table 2, I find it odd that the uses listed for Solanum indicum have nothing to do at all with gastrointestinal diseases. Also, in the same table, the use of latex from the opium poppy is listed (which is not even native to the study area). This is a poisonous plant (latex as well as the fruits) and its use merits some warning!\r\n\r\nIf we are dealing with only 8 species, then to use percentages in the manuscript (e.g. “87.5% of species was collected from home gardens”) is problematic. In this case, the use of absolute numbers is preferred. \r\n\r\nWhat do the authors mean with “navel gastric”? Is this a local classification of gastro-enteric diseases in the region of the bellybutton? On what is this local classification based? How can one distinguish between the two types of gastric diseases diagnosed locally, i.e. “liver gastric” and “naval gastric”? From a biomedical perspective, these categories seem to overlap to some degree. Also, please provide information on the symptoms or health conditions that belong to each of these categories. It is stated in the paper that “all the patients were successfully cured”, which seems to imply that the plant remedies are bioactive. This is a statement that should be tuned down considerably because of its highly problematic character. For example, uncomplicated acute diarrhea is a prevalent gastrointestinal symptom that is self-limiting (meaning it often gets cured without medical interference). \r\n\r\nTable 3 is puzzling: what do the authors mean with “dependency”? Is this provenance, or abundance? Do the +, ++ and ++++ refer to abundance?\r\n\r\nThe location of the field sites on figure 1 is hardly visible','2008-09-22 12:46:04',NULL,1),(72,1,4096,187,62,93,'Ethnomedicinal knowledge on gastric disease by the Mising tribe of North East India','Will,\r\n\r\nI find that this manuscript still needs a lot of hard work and extensive revision before it can be considered ready for publication. There is a lot of general background information that should be omitted, whereas the information that we need to know is not given. I am hesitant about the quality of this manuscript. Can we say that interviewing one main key participant and listing 8 species makes this a scientific paper? I am also concerned about the outcome data of what can be called an \'observational clinical study\". There is no way to link these outcome data to the efficacy of plant remedies. Therefore, what is the value of the latter data?\r\n\r\n-Ina Vandebroek','2008-09-22 12:46:04',NULL,0),(73,1,4096,234,88,85,'Are Our Students Taxonomically Challenged or Not?','Review of Lau et al. for ERA\r\n\r\nThis paper presents the results of a naming and categorization exercise conducted by groups of undergraduate students in an ethnobotany class. The method is potentially quite useful, and some interesting results were obtained. For example, in keeping with the suggestion that humans are naturally inclined towards adjective+noun names, over half of the student-generated names were binomials, whereas most category names were one-word.\r\n\r\nUnfortunately, the introduction makes promises that the data can’t live up to. For example, the authors “hypothesize that non-science majors exhibit similar patterns ... even though [they] come from different cultural and knowledge backgrounds. In other words, we hope to determine if these students share a distinct perceptual system....” Under the Methods, participants are broken down by ethnicity. (Figure 1 looks fishy, as over 25% of the pie chart seems to be “white,” whereas the paragraph above says “75% of the students were members of minorities.”) However, although some groups of students seem to have utilized different naming methods (e.g., long polynomials, bizarre category names most likely attributable to simple slackerdom), there seems to be no way of determining whether these practices arose from those students’ cultural or knowledge backgrounds, and the question is not addressed. \r\n\r\nLikewise, under “research purpose,” the investigators wish to ask whether this study might “provide insights into [the] human categorization process,” which has been variously argued to reflect primarily the categorizer’s conceptual view, real characteristics of the natural world, or a combination of the two. They do not return to explore the question of whether the study did provide such insights, which it almost certainly did not. Despite their various pigmentations, as far as we can tell, these students were all or mostly residents of Hawaii, and had ca. two decades of socialization and formal education in American/Hawaiian conceptual patterns. At the end of the paper, the authors suggest having students from other countries perform the same exercise. This would indeed be valuable; the authors say it “will probably tell us if students are alike around the world,” but a major caveat is that that is not equivalent to telling us if people are alike around the world.\r\n\r\nFinally, the introduction emphasizes how essential naming and classification are to human communication and thereby to functioning societies. It twice offers to explore the question of whether our students are adequately trained to “ensure their continued existence” or “perpetuate the continued existence of humankind.” The implication is that if these students don’t have what it takes to name and categorize from scratch, they’d be in danger of cultural collapse if left to their own devices. The trouble with this suggestion is that it has probably always been a minority of knowledgeable or clever people in any society who observe biological diversity, explore its uses, and invent new names for species or groups that seem worthy of attention. The average dullard is not expected to discover new useful plants (for example) and make up names for them, but simply to learn the names that he observes his elders using for known plants, so that he in turn can use and pass on the culture’s accumulated knowledge. From this perspective, if we want to know whether our students would be able to keep humanity going, it would be far more relevant to know whether they can memorize and correctly apply existing names and uses for known plants.\r\n\r\nDespite this study’s limitations, the method is quick and potentially very useful, especially if others accept the authors’ invitation to try it out on groups of students in other countries — or better yet, on groups of humans who are not students! A number of such results that individually seem unimportant might combine to produce a fascinating picture. This paper is, therefore, well worth publishing; I suggest only that the authors move the most expansive language to the end of the paper, in future tense, rather than leading the reader to expect more from the present study than it can deliver.\r\n\r\nNow for a more specific quibble: It is not clear to this reviewer where the word-type categories from, especially, Table 2 came from. What is the distinction between “Constructions, inventions and technologies” and “Ship parts,” for example? If “Food, beverages, and food plants” or “Natural inanimate objects” are treated as broad single categories, why are “Medical conditions” and “Medicine” separated, or “Cosmetics,” “Toiletries,” and “Hairstyles”? Is there a reliable distinction between an “Action,” an “Event,” and an “Experience”, or between “Decorations,” “Fabrics,” and “Art”? What’s a “Descriptive noun”? I have a suspicion that these categories themselves reflect a culturally mediated process of characterization, this time by the authors, and that if I or someone else had had to go through and sort all these words into a list of “term types,” the list might have looked rather different. If this method is to be utilized with people from genuinely different cultures, who are liable to come up with different sorts of names, results of this type will be hard to compare if each publication uses a different set of idiosyncratic categories. \r\n\r\nThe paper needs to be proofread; there are a number of small errors scattered throughout that suggest it was hastily written. One final comment on language: the authors profess themselves baffled by the phrase “red-headed stepchild,” used by one group to describe a showy red inflorescence, saying “Perhaps some students felt that stepchildren were generally red-headed....” Maybe they were joking here, but if not, this phrase comes from a colloquial expression: “To beat [someone] like a red-headed stepchild,” meaning to violently abuse him. If this expression is not common in Hawaii, its use may derive from some student’s “different cultural background.”','2008-09-24 05:13:27',NULL,1),(74,1,4096,156,20,104,'Etnobotánica Medicinal de los Indígenas Warao de Tucupita y de la','In my opinion, this paper should be rejected for publication in ERA. There are just too many faults and deficiencies and it would require more than a simple revision of the same material to bring it up to the minimum standard needed for publication. As it presently stands, this paper does not meet the basic criteria established by the journal’s editors. The specific deficiencies are described below in Spanish, which is the same language in which the manuscript appears.\r\n\r\nEn mi opinión, este trabajo debería ser rechazado. Hay varias fallas graves que requerirían mucho más que simplemente una revisión y reedición del mismo material para lograr algo que valga la pena publicar. Tal como está, el trabajo no cumple con algunos criterios básicos establecidos por los editores de la revista, tal como se detallan a continuación:\r\n\r\n\r\n1) Redacción. La redacción es muy mala, con múltiples errores en términos de la construcción de oraciones bien formadas, la ortografía y la puntuación, los cuales dificultan y obstaculizan la comprensión al lector.\r\n2) Descripción del área de estudio. La descripción del área de estudio cubre los rasgos geográficos, topográficos, hidrológicos, ecológicos, climatológicos, geológicos, políticos y demográficos a una escala regional o estatal, es decir con referencia a toda el Delta del Orinoco. Al mismo tiempo no dice nada en particular acerca del contexto socioambiental de los dos sitios locales en donde se llevó a cabo el estudio. Esta falta es especialmente grave debido a que más adelante se hacen comparaciones entre los resultados obtenidos en los dos sitios. Sin saber algo de los contextos locales – por ej., tamaño, composición y distribución de la población residente, las actividades económicas, los patrones de consumo, la estructura social, los roles sociales de diferentes personas, los contactos interétnicos, los servicios accesibles, la infraestructura, etc. - no existen criterios claros para interpretar las variaciones inter-comunitarias. Quizá por ello el análisis comparativo de los resultados es tan pobre y vacío (ver más adelante). Por otra parte, gasta mucho espacio describiendo detalles que al parecer no tienen mucha relevancia para el tópico central de estudio: por ejemplo, el inventario de todos los ríos principales de la región y sus longitudes, los censos de habitantes en cada uno de los municipios del Estado, las limitaciones geológicas y movimientos sísmicos. En fin, se aporta mucha información innecesaria y deja de proveer mucha información necesaria. \r\n3) Metodología. Igual que la crítica mencionada arriba, en esta sección gasta mucho espacio y palabras haciendo unas descripciones muy detalladas de asuntos que son muy secundarios para los propósitos del estudio, por ej., la preparación de los especimenes botánicos, las planillas de datos llenados. Creo que una descripción mucho más concisa y económica hubiera sido suficiente. Por ejemplo, ¿es necesario mencionar que “los especimenes botánicos son frágiles y requieren de un trato especialmente cuidadoso y respetuoso, por ello todos los individuos que manipulen el material deben apegarse a los siguientes protocolos:...” Al leer toda la segunda parte de la sección 3.3, la descripción es tan elemental que tengo que pensar que los autores simplemente copiaron todo esto de un libro de introducción o manual de métodos en la botánica de campo. Otra razón que esta sección resulta demasiado largo es porque frecuentemente se repite la misma información más de una vez. Por otra parte, se hace referencia a métodos que supuestamente utilizaban y después no se presentan ningunos datos al respecto. Por ejemplo, se cuenta que una de las “finalidades” de las observaciones y entrevistas es “determinar el grado de aculturación y deculturación en cuanto al conocimiento, uso de plantas medicinales y práctica chamánica”, aunque los resultados no tienen nada que ver con ese tema. Se dice que “se escogieron parcelas” pero no se describen datos derivados de ellas. Se habla de un tal “método ... etnohistórico” pero no hay ningún dato “etnohistórico” en todo el trabajo. Por último, dicen “es importante mencionar que muchos de los informantes entrevistados provienen de la Isla de Margarita..” Cabe destacar que Margarita constituye una zona ajena o distinta del territorio warao, aunque es bien conocido que muchos margariteños han inmigrado y siguen migrando al Delta desde tiempos históricos. En todo caso el tópico de estudio se refiere (supuestamente) a la etnobotánica warao. Total que la metodología, tal como la describe, no coincide en su totalidad con los datos presentados. \r\n4) Los resultados y el análisis correspondiente. En general la presentación de resultados significativos se reduce a: a) una lista de todas las plantas medicinales registradas en las comunidades de estudio, b) la distribución por frecuencia del número de plantas utilizadas según el tipo de enfermedad, c) dicha distribución por frecuencia según la comunidad de estudio y d) listas de plantas medicinales según origen o tipo de manejo, nativas (quiere decir silvestres) e introducidas (quiere decir cultivadas). El tratamiento analítico de esos resultados es notable por la carencia casi total de observaciones interesantes e inteligentes, así como por la falta de coherencia entre la discusión realizada y los resultados mismos. \r\nEl inventario de plantas medicinales colectadas e identificadas representa el dato más significativo del trabajo pero en ningún sentido podemos considerarlo como un aporte original ya que se han realizado inventarios previos de esta misma categoría de plantas en este mismo grupo étnico anteriormente (ver los trabajos de W. Wilbert y A. Gómez-Beloz). Además, nos surge una duda fundamental acerca de la autenticidad e importancia etnográfica del inventario presentado, debido a que en varios lugares los autores afirman que son las plantas utilizadas por los llamados “wisidatu” (‘chamánes’) de ese grupo. Según los trabajos de W. Wilbert, los wisidatu, quienes son hombres, se encargan de curar las enfermedades relacionadas con los espíritus a través del uso del humo de tabaco mientras que los llamados “dau yarokota arotu” (‘hierbateras’), quienes son mujeres, saben utilizar plantas para curar a los enfermos. Si la descripción de Wilbert (quien tiene 25 años de trabajo de campo etnoecológico entre los warao) es acertada, entonces nos preguntamos si los informantes principales de este estudio ¿constituyen los verdaderos expertos en la medicina botánica del grupo de estudio? Cabe destacar que la mayoría de informantes mencionados son hombres. Por lo menos, se requiere una aclaratoria de este punto pero en ninguna parte del trabajo podemos encontrar que los autores tengan idea alguna de que existe especialización de conocimiento etnomédico. \r\nCon respecto a la distribución por frecuencia del número de plantas utilizadas por tipo de enfermedad o dolencia (fig. 3), los autores interpretan esos datos como indicadores de la preponderancia de la afección en la población estudiada. Es decir, suponen que el número de plantas medicinales por tipo de afección refleja directamente la incidencia de ella en la población, pero no justifican con datos o argumentos lógicos dicha extrapolación. En varias partes de la discusión, los autores confunden la noción de planta medicinal con la noción de enfermedad (por ej. ver el párrafo que sigue la fig. 3). Es precisamente esta falta de conexión lógica entre el dato y la interpretación que disminuye cualquier valor del análisis realizado. \r\nCon referencia a la comparación numérica de los inventarios entre las comunidades (cuadros 2 y 3), los autores sostienen que existen diferencias significativas entre ellas pero no han establecido que tales diferencias sean significativas en un sentido estadístico. Uno se pregunta ¿se llevó a cabo el mismo número de entrevistas en los dos lugares? Los datos que provienen de los dos lugares ¿son realmente comparables en términos cuantitativos? Tenemos dudas de que son comparables porque han explicado que se utilizaron métodos cualitativos y no estructurados, y no reportan números de informantes según localidad. No contamos con una descripción adecuada de los dos sitios de estudio para contemplar el rango de factores, además del acceso a la biomedicina, que podría explicar las diferencias, si realmente las hay. \r\nLas listas de plantas medicinales según tipo de manejo, silvestre o cultivado, son potencialmente interesantes pero, de nuevo, señalamos la carencia de análisis y discusión significativa, más allá de decir que obtienen algunas plantas en el monte a una distancia mayor mientras que otras se consiguen en los conucos o huertos más cerca a las residencias. Al mismo tiempo, notamos que el total de plantas en las dos listas (28+41 = 69) no agota todo el inventario (103) de plantas. ¿Cómo se clasifican, entonces, las demás? ¿Por qué no se ha analizado esta distinción según la clase de enfermedad? \r\n5) Bibliografía. No corresponde para nada con las referencias bibliográficas citadas en el texto. De hecho, casi 90% de ellas NO se mencionan en ningún lugar en el texto (apenas hay 13 trabajos citados en el texto vs. 122 trabajos citados en la bibliografía). En general, en este trabajo no se demuestra un manejo adecuado de la literatura pertinente, ni en lo conceptual ni en lo etnográfico. Por ejemplo, no citan a los trabajos previos sobre la etnobotánica médica warao aunque se menciona algunos de ellos en la bibliografía. El manejo deficiente de literatura también conduce a hacer afirmaciones no bien sustentadas. Por ejemplo, los autores critican “la no existencia de ‘políticas sanitarias’ por parte del estado.” ¿Quieren decir que hay una ausencia total de medicaturas, ambulatorios, auxiliares en medicina simplificada, campañas de vacunación, subsidios alimenticios, control de calidad de agua o ofertas de biomedicina para la población warao? ¿Cuál es la evidencia concreta que apoya su argumento? En este trabajo, no se presenta ninguna.\r\n6) Propósito. Los autores sostienen que su propósito es rescatar el conocimiento ancestral de los waraos y “reactivar el manejo y aprovechamiento de plantas medicinales” entre esta población en pro de la salud y el alivio de las dolencias principales de esta población indígena. Aunque este propósito tiene muchos méritos, no explican por qué existe necesidad para este tipo de intervención. No presentan ninguna información concreta acerca de la situación sanitaria (deplorable) de los warao y porque tienen que depender en su propia medicina en lugar de los servicios biomédicos (deficientes). Tampoco hace mención de que los conocimientos etnomédicos tradicionales están en peligro o en proceso de erosión. Pero si asumimos que sí es necesaria la creación de folletos o materiales didácticos para la recuperación o conservación de la medicina botánica warao, en todo caso es menester señalar que este tipo de intervención ya ha sido realizado por Wilbert, quién elaboró un manuál bilingüe (castellano-warao) de plantas medicinales y sus preparaciones y lo ha distribuido ampliamente entre la población warao (Wilbert, W. 2001. Dau Yarokota: Plantas Medicinales Warao. Monografía No. 48. Fundación La Salle). ¿Cómo se justifica esta versión nueva? ¿Ofrece algo diferente?\r\n7) Detalles. Hay varios detalles, errores o inconsistencias, que tienen que arreglarse en este manuscrito. Sólo tengo espacio para mencionar tres: a) en algunos lugares se menciona que hubo dos lugares de estudio y en otros lugares al parecer se habla de tres (Tucupita, Winikina y Araguabisi); b) en la sección sobre metodología (p. 5), se dice “ciento setenta (103) plantas silvestres”; y c) se menciona la palabra warao “janokos” sin definir qué es.\r\n8) Valor para la Etnobotánica. Considerando todas las deficiencias elaboradas arriba, el nivel elemental del análisis y los trabajos previos sobre este mismo tema en este mismo grupo, opinamos que el presente trabajo NO representa ninguna contribución nueva u original para la ciencia de etnobotánica. La única contribución notable es simplemente otra lista de plantas y sus aplicaciones médicas. Según la política editorial de la revista, este nivel de investigación no es suficiente para la publicación.','2008-09-25 05:16:34',NULL,1),(75,1,4096,213,93,420,'PRELIMINARY ETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY','Introduction is weak. Many statements are unsubstantiated by citations or evidence. For example, the entire second paragraph is not supported by any literature. \r\n\r\nMethods: Surely you don’t mean Mount Cameroon is 45 km long. You mean instead the entire volcanic ridge that includes the Bamenda Highlands and Mount Cameroon.\r\nHow were the representative sites selected? From the entire 45 km study area or just Mount Cameroon itself? What villages? How did you select your informants? How many? Did you dash your informants? Your data analysis section consists of one sentence. How was your data “managed”?\r\n\r\nResults: Don’t include discussion in the results section\r\nTable 1. Many misspellings and inconsistent formats (numbers vs bullets) and fonts.\r\nWhat are the results of your questionnaire? \r\n\r\nDiscussion: In the introduction you state that the family is little studied, yet the discussion reports a number of previous studies that included the uses of some species of this family. Watch for misspellings in this section. \r\n\r\nYou state that much of the uses involve bark or wood (Table 1 also shows this). You conclude that these uses are leading to the rarity of many species. The paper could be much improved if this point was expanded. Information from the questionnaire could have asked about the perceived or real rarity of the species and the sustainability of these traditional uses. Indeed, a study of the ecology of the most important of these species would be an important contribution.','2008-09-29 13:11:52',NULL,1),(76,1,4096,213,93,420,'PRELIMINARY ETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY','This paper is merely a listing of the species used in the Annonaceae. It has no testable hypothesis nor does the paper advance the science. The methods section is extremely weak as described above. The other sections are also weak and provide a poor treatment of the literature. \r\n\r\nThere is some good work here but it doesn\'t go far enough. The results suggest unsustainable practices. This work could be expanded to address perhaps how traditional uses has been affected. This paper could be part of that work.','2008-09-29 13:20:38',NULL,0),(77,1,256,242,106,2,'An Ethnobotany of Darwin’s Gardens','I always have major trouble with your automated review process. Probably my antiquated computer (my kids say it\'s made of flint and was chipped out by a Homo erectus--which is to say it\'s a good 10 or 12 years old). \r\n\r\nOf course anything by Nina is super good--very authoritative, scholarly, and well written. This is no exception.\r\nI should think it should definitely be published, unless you are restricting yourselves to narrowly focused original-research articles.\r\n\r\nCharles Lyell didn\'t invent deep time; he pushed the principle of uniformitarianism to extreme lengths, which attracted and stimulated Darwin but caused endless trouble for later people from Agassiz to the channeled scablands research up here in Washington state.\r\n\r\nI agree with Darwin and not with Nina -- those garden plants are NOT prosaic.\r\n\r\nPrickly pears: I don\'t know about Darwin\'s time, but cochineal insects now thrive on prickly pears worldwide.\r\n\r\nOtherwise--fascinating. I had no idea that insectivorous plants were so useful medically. Great potential there. I read Darwin\'s book about them long ago.','2008-10-03 13:22:21',NULL,1),(78,1,256,242,109,2,'An Ethnobotany of Darwin’s Gardens','This is a most pleasant and enjoyable paper, with a fascinating speculation on the always-interesting Darwin.\r\n\r\nOne substantive comment: While there is an interesting overlap of plants which Darwin studies with ethnobotanically interesting species in the areas examined here, specifically the insect-trapping plants (pursuant to his book \"Insectivorous plants\"), it is also the case that another major work of his, rather the opposite subject, \"The various contrivances by which Orchids are fertilised by insects\" would have much less ethnopharmacological impact (opposite that, in the first case, the insects are food while, in the second, they are instruments of reproduction). Generally speaking, other than their famous use as cut flowers (for prom corsages, etc.), there are precious few ethnobotanically useful orchids, surprising for what is reputedly the largest plant family in the world (with nearly as many species as are found in all of North America north of the Rio Grande). The two that are usually mentioned are vanilla and salep; there are a few more, but not many. And they aren\'t very common in gardens.\r\n\r\nAnd another: The conclusion seems excessively brief, telegram-like, to me. It is not really clear to me what the author actually thinks of the comparison made in the paper. Another paragraph or two specifying more clearly what the \"observations\" (line 530) are, and an example of a hypothesis or two one might test (same line) might help. Alternately, the sentence at line 527 \"A collectively sizeable literature offers diverse methodologies and implications\" is, I\'m afraid, utterly obscure to me, and seems to be a conclusion to another paper. Generally, I think this section should be rewritten from scratch. The abstract is really not a precis of the findings in the paper, but more like a \"methods\" section.\r\n\r\nThe prose is occasionally a bit more dense than it needs be, in my opinion. Could \"constellate\" be replace by \"intersperse?\" or \"thigmotropic responses\" by \"movement?\" or \"phytotelmata\" by \"wet?\" there are others (\"frass\"). Fortunately, at line 246, Author uses \"eyespot,\" not \"ocellus.\" Bravo.\r\n\r\nA few other suggestions:\r\n\r\nline 51: much of the continent. Which continent?\r\n\r\nline 107: replace comma with a semi-colon\r\n\r\nline 189: \"whichvaries\" needs a space\r\n\r\nlines 228-236 refer to \"zone one\" and \"zone four\" of the purple pitcher plant, which zones are not defined.\r\n\r\nline 305: replace comma with a semi-colon.\r\n\r\nline 331: \'Darwin referred TO the receipt of a waterwheel study specimen AS \"a . . .\"\'\r\n\r\nline 346, Stylidium underlined, should be in italics.\r\n\r\nline 440: the reference to Moerman should be 1998 not 1989.\r\n\r\nFascinating paper; I hope a little tidying will make it more accessible to a broader audience.','2008-10-04 08:29:11',NULL,1),(79,2,256,187,187,234,'Ethnomedicinal knowledge on gastric disease by the Mising tribe of North East India','Dear Rajiv Mili, \r\n\r\nThank you for submitting your manuscript for consideration by Ethnobotany Research and Applications. A set of peer-reviewers have considered it and found that it does not meet the standards of the journal, specifically in that a number of the normally expected scientific elements are missing or difficult to understand. The review listed below includes some information on this matter. In addition to the comment listed below, additional comments by reviewers may be seen by logging into the journal web site.\r\n\r\nI wish you all the best in your future research, \r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\nThe study by Mili et al. mainly presents results from one traditional healer in the Sivasagar district in NE India. In this study, there are two field villages selected (Major Bari and Ligiri Bari) but it is unclear if the healer belongs to either of these villages or to yet another village. Further in the section on data collection, it is stated that data from the healer (the key participant) was cross-checked (through informal discussions) with other healers of the region as well as with aged people, but we do not get to know any further background information on any of these participants. From the title, it sounds as if this manuscript presents ethnomedical knowledge of the Mising tribe but I find it very problematic to extrapolate data from one main participant to a whole tribe. \r\n\r\nThe background of the paper is too general. It focuses on the value of ethnobotanical research in general and goes on to say that the region is bioculturally diverse and that the plants growing there have not been investigated from an ethnomedical perspective. This is a standard introduction which does not teach us something new. Instead, it would be better to provide specific information on this particular study. Why did the authors decide to focus on gastrointestinal diseases? Why did they single out the missing tribe? What has lead to this study? Is this the first ethnobotanical study in that area? \r\n\r\nThe section on study area, people and culture is, again, too general. We do not need three pages of information about the whole of India, or the state of Assam (to which the field sites belong). Please try to be specific about the phytogeography and ecology of the selected study sites and the tribes who live there. Also, include information on the type of plant specialists of the Mising tribe (are there different types of healers? Are there healers who only deal with spiritual matters? Are there healers who only specialize in plants? Are there healers who specialize in both?). Why was only one healer selected who provided the main information in this study? Why were other healers only consulted in an informal way?\r\n\r\nThe authors identify 8 plant species for gastrointestinal disorders which is a low number given the fact that there exist at least 4,000 medicinal species in India. Moreover, of these 8 species, 4 are spices (cardamom, nutmeg, cloves, black pepper), and two are cultivated, so I am wondering to which degree the knowledge recorded here represents “specialized” and “authentic” knowledge as claimed by the authors. According to the authors, data from this study is “unique in nature”; they do not, however, substantiate this claim. This simply calls for an extensive literature review of the worldwide ethnomedical uses of the listed species. In the section on results and discussion not a single literature reference is provided by the authors, which makes the manuscript meager in bibliography. \r\n\r\nThe first paragraph in the section of results and discussion belongs to materials and methods.\r\n\r\nThe authors state that “the plant ingredients used for treatment of gastric problems by Mising healer have “numerous uses””. This statement is simply too vague (how many uses, how is “numerous” defined?). Also, it is not entirely clear whether these uses are derived from interview data with multiple persons (key healers and/or how many other people? How many people per species?) or not. In table 2, I find it odd that the uses listed for Solanum indicum have nothing to do at all with gastrointestinal diseases. Also, in the same table, the use of latex from the opium poppy is listed (which is not even native to the study area). This is a poisonous plant (latex as well as the fruits) and its use merits some warning!\r\n\r\nIf we are dealing with only 8 species, then to use percentages in the manuscript (e.g. “87.5% of species was collected from home gardens”) is problematic. In this case, the use of absolute numbers is preferred. \r\n\r\nWhat do the authors mean with “navel gastric”? Is this a local classification of gastro-enteric diseases in the region of the bellybutton? On what is this local classification based? How can one distinguish between the two types of gastric diseases diagnosed locally, i.e. “liver gastric” and “naval gastric”? From a biomedical perspective, these categories seem to overlap to some degree. Also, please provide information on the symptoms or health conditions that belong to each of these categories. It is stated in the paper that “all the patients were successfully cured”, which seems to imply that the plant remedies are bioactive. This is a statement that should be tuned down considerably because of its highly problematic character. For example, uncomplicated acute diarrhea is a prevalent gastrointestinal symptom that is self-limiting (meaning it often gets cured without medical interference). \r\n\r\nTable 3 is puzzling: what do the authors mean with “dependency”? Is this provenance, or abundance? Do the +, ++ and ++++ refer to abundance?\r\n\r\nThe location of the field sites on figure 1 is hardly visible\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-10-04 08:36:44',NULL,1),(80,2,256,213,213,311,'PRELIMINARY ETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY OF THE MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY ANNONACEAE OF THE MOUNT CAM','Dear Youssoufa M. Bele, \r\n\r\nIt has taken some time to receive adequate reviews of this manuscript. Please find below one review that summarizes the sort of general evaluation that the reviewers have returned. The work appears to be good, but the write-up needs to be expanded to actually analyze the results more fully. The methods are not clearly described yet the reviewers feel that there was probably a good methodology employed. The results and discussion are mixed in such a way that it is not possible to distinguish the difference between a result of the research and your interpretation of the results. This is poor scientific method but once cleaned up will yield a good paper. Not mentioned below, but of importance is the need for extension of the discussion into the area of theory about human interactions with plants in a more general way: What does this work tell us about the human condition globally? Why should readers in Australia, South America, or Europe care about this work as much as people in Cameroon?\r\nPlease consider this manuscript as needing to have major revisions before it can be accepted and therefore it will need to be resubmitted.\r\nI thank you for your time and committment to ethnobiological research.\r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer A:\r\nIntroduction is weak. Many statements are unsubstantiated by citations or evidence. For example, the entire second paragraph is not supported by any literature. \r\n\r\nMethods: Surely you don’t mean Mount Cameroon is 45 km long. You mean instead the entire volcanic ridge that includes the Bamenda Highlands and Mount Cameroon.\r\nHow were the representative sites selected? From the entire 45 km study area or just Mount Cameroon itself? What villages? How did you select your informants? How many? Did you dash your informants? Your data analysis section consists of one sentence. How was your data “managed”?\r\n\r\nResults: Don’t include discussion in the results section\r\nTable 1. Many misspellings and inconsistent formats (numbers vs bullets) and fonts.\r\nWhat are the results of your questionnaire? \r\n\r\nDiscussion: In the introduction you state that the family is little studied, yet the discussion reports a number of previous studies that included the uses of some species of this family. Watch for misspellings in this section. \r\n\r\nYou state that much of the uses involve bark or wood (Table 1 also shows this). You conclude that these uses are leading to the rarity of many species. The paper could be much improved if this point was expanded. Information from the questionnaire could have asked about the perceived or real rarity of the species and the sustainability of these traditional uses. Indeed, a study of the ecology of the most important of these species would be an important contribution.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-10-04 08:49:51',NULL,1),(81,2,256,213,213,311,'PRELIMINARY ETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY OF THE MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY ANNONACEAE OF THE MOUNT CAM','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-10-04 08:51:36',NULL,1),(82,1,256,216,99,2,'CONSERVATION AND ECONOMIC UTILIZATION OF SOME MULTIPURPOSE TREES FRUIT SPECIES FOR RURAL D','This manuscript covers an interesting topic in an interesting part of the world. However, it does not do it very well. There is a lack of scientific clarity on the part of the methods used and how these relate to the actual results. The authors appear to have mixed together results gathered in a variety of ways that are not described with data from undescribed agricultural reports, with their personal opinions about agriculture in the region. The conclusions of the paper are only vaguely based upon the data provided. The authors really need to write the paper from scratch, producing careful methods, results, and discussion of the actual results rather than wandering through a variety of areas that the results simply do not address.','2008-10-04 14:33:17',NULL,1),(83,2,256,216,216,314,'CONSERVATION AND ECONOMIC UTILIZATION OF SOME MULTIPURPOSE TREES FRUIT SPECIES FOR RURAL D','Dear Dr. Khan,\r\n\r\nPlease find below comments from one of the peer reviewers. Attached is another set of comments that were provided within the document. \r\nI am afraid that at this time your manuscript is not being accepted. While the work is interesting and appropriate for this journal, it is currently missing some elements that would normally be expected and has some serious gaps that are discussed by the reviewers. Should you wish to address these and submit a revised manuscript, we would be happy to send it to a new set of reviewers for reconsideration.\r\n\r\nThank you, \r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer A:\r\nThis manuscript covers an interesting topic in an interesting part of the world. However, it does not do it very well. There is a lack of scientific clarity on the part of the methods used and how these relate to the actual results. The authors appear to have mixed together results gathered in a variety of ways that are not described with data from undescribed agricultural reports, with their personal opinions about agriculture in the region. The conclusions of the paper are only vaguely based upon the data provided. The authors really need to write the paper from scratch, producing careful methods, results, and discussion of the actual results rather than wandering through a variety of areas that the results simply do not address.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-10-04 14:38:27',NULL,1),(84,1,256,240,111,2,'Study of folk recipies and ethnomedicinal uses of thirty medicinal plants of district Umer','This paper includes some interesting results but lacks a discussion of them. The authors should be commended on their important works but should be advised that they need to conclude the paper with a discussion of the results and not the discussion that is provided. \r\nThe methods are vague but can probably be recovered and once written will contribute to an acceptable paper.','2008-10-06 10:02:00',NULL,1),(85,1,4096,242,104,966,'An Ethnobotany of Darwin’s Gardens','There is only a slight connection of the first part with the second part of the article, or at least it is not highlighted. How is the Ethnobotany connected with Darwin and morphological adaptation of the plants listed?\r\nThe first part (the history of Darwin and of Evolution theories) could be summarized, couse it is a pretty well known story, and its shortening will not undermine the meaning of the article.','2008-10-06 10:02:41','2008-10-06 10:03:15',1),(86,1,4096,242,104,966,'An Ethnobotany of Darwin’s Gardens','It is not a research paper.','2008-10-06 10:02:41',NULL,0),(87,2,256,240,240,960,'Study of folk recipies and ethnomedicinal uses of thirty medicinal plants of district Umer','Dear Abdul Hakeem Memon, \r\n\r\nThank you for submitting your manuscript for consideration by Ethnobotany Research and Applications. It has been read by two peer-reviewers and has been found to be lacking in several elements that are usually found in articles published within this journal and therefore is not being accepted for publication. Should you wish to submit a revised manuscript that would be reconsidered by new reviewers. Below and attached are some comments by reviewers.\r\n\r\nI wish you all the best in your research work.\r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer A:\r\nThis paper includes some interesting results but lacks a discussion of them. The authors should be commended on their important works but should be advised that they need to conclude the paper with a discussion of the results and not the discussion that is provided. \r\nThe methods are vague but can probably be recovered and once written will contribute to an acceptable paper.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-10-06 10:09:57',NULL,1),(88,1,256,188,114,2,'“Starvation Taught Me Art”: Tree Poaching, Gender and Cultural Shifts in Wood Curio Carvin','The content of the paper is interesting and worthy of publication. However, there is a serious disjunct between the interview method/results and the discussion of results. It is unclear how the discussion is derived directly from the results. This is partly because this is a non-quantitative study (and that is ok) and partly because the author has not clearly made the survey instrument/questions available in a way that would make is obvious how information flows from methods to results to discussion.','2008-10-06 15:15:40',NULL,1),(89,1,4096,236,96,5,'MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM CHATKAL BIOSPHERE RESERVE USED FOR FOLK MEDICINE IN UZBEKISTAN','I think there is a good research paper in here, but it is currently buried behind incorrect English grammar. This is often an easy enough to overcome problem. However, in this paper it is more than what a spell checker can handle. For example, on page 4 the citation of Thring and Weitz 2004 is from an article on South Africa, yet in this context it is stated as it applies directly to Uzbek culture. A simple rewording of this sentence could make it accurate and valid.\r\n\r\nThe methods section has paragraphs that belong in the introduction section, and a few sentences that belong in the discussion section. Fixing this up would make the paper flow better.\r\n\r\nThis paper would benefit from flushing out several important points brought up. The issue is raised about ailments and the plants being used to treat them. The number one category of disease is stated as gastro-intestinal complaints. As a reader I could guess as to why that would be, however in one or two quick sentences the authors could inform us why that is.\r\n\r\nAnother topic brought up in this paper is that of the rise in popularity of herbal medicine after Uzbek independence. This paper could benefit from revealing more about this in a sentence or two. It is said that rural peoples gained money from this, but who is buying these herbs and why? Is it a return to a pre-Soviet time culturally, or was there a collapse in trade lines? I don\'t get an indication of this from what is written, and if the authors are speaking about the cultural nature of these plants I think that would be nice information to know.\r\n\r\nAs it is written in the paper, Vitis vinifera is a rare plant. I find this hard to believe. Is it a rare plant in this region? Is it a rare variety that is found here? I think this is another issue of English grammar that needs resolving.\r\n\r\nThere is no tables or figures in the paper. Expressing the plant families and/or diseases expressed in a graph would help visualize the data. Also, some photos of the field site.\r\n\r\nAnother thing missing from this paper is example questions that were asked of the informants. The authors say that there was a survey that was used for this research project. As a reader I would like to see what some of those questions were.\r\n\r\nNot all of the citations listed in the bibliography are in the body of the text. No where could I find Uzun etal 2004 cited in the article.\r\n\r\nI think research on the ethnobotany of this park is interesting and has appeal to multiple disciplines. The unique nature of the field site warrants a thorough rewrite of this paper and a re-examination of the data.','2008-10-06 15:41:57',NULL,1),(90,1,4096,236,96,5,'MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM CHATKAL BIOSPHERE RESERVE USED FOR FOLK MEDICINE IN UZBEKISTAN','Will,\r\nI don\'t think me fixing the grammar of this paper would help much. It would take a complete re-write. But if you think we could count this as a Segues publication I would be happy to offer to help these guys.\r\nThey have lots of interesting points in the paper, but it needs to be discussed alot more.\r\n-Dave','2008-10-06 15:43:20',NULL,0),(91,2,65536,185,185,226,'PLANTS USED FOR FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NIGERIA','Dania Ogbe F. M.\r\n\r\nDear Editor,\r\nI would like to find out about the status of the submission I made on the 5th of July, 2008. I am writing because it is still listed as \'queued for review\' and there has been no change up till now. \r\n\r\nThanks for your anticipated response.\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-10-07 23:55:07',NULL,1),(92,2,256,182,182,217,'Healing Traditions of Southern India and the Conservation of Culture and Biodiversity: A','Hi Todd, I am just formally recording n the database that your revised manuscript has been uploaded and accepted. There is a way to upload a revised manuscript through the computer system but for some reason this just came through as an e-mail attachment. Don\'t worry about it as I have uploaded it for you so it is now all taken care of. The manuscript has now been forwarded to a copy editor who will work on preparing it for publication. She will be in contact with you if she has any questions.\r\nThank you for addressing all of the reviewers concerns.\r\n\r\nAll the best, \r\n\r\nWill\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-10-08 09:35:57',NULL,1),(93,1,4096,242,112,3,'An Ethnobotany of Darwin’s Gardens','This is an interesting review. It brings together a lot of information, particularly on carnivorous plants.\r\n\r\nThe author indicates that this manuscript is based on a potentially forthcoming book. I look forward to the publication of the book as it is likely to give a different perspective on Darwin that we usually get from standard texts.\r\n\r\nI support the publication of this manuscript with some modifications -- one of which is large.\r\n\r\nThis manuscript needs to clearly state that it is a review since there is no original data presented. Also, the use of broad references to sources, rather than closely applied citations, is more appropriate to a review than it is to a standard research publication.\r\n\r\nThis manuscript does not sufficiently justify the need to repeat what is generally known, and easily available, historical information about Darwin and the introduction of evolutionary theory. If such a review is to be included, there are a few points that need attention.\r\n\r\n- All the people mentioned have their birth and death dates (e.g., Jean Lamarck (1744-1829)) except Darwin. Shouldn\'t his be included?\r\n\r\n- I believe that the date in the following sentence is wrong or the sentence is misconstructed as only a few people knew of his theory until 1858 (in the Linnean Society presentation). \"By the mid-1850s, most of his close colleagues were both impressed and persuaded by his thoery; but some scientists, and certainly the public, found it difficult to reconcile humans as part of a comprehensive evolutionary process.\"\r\n\r\n- The following sentence, \"One month later, their work was presented to the Linnean Society of London as a joint paper, which was published in the Journal of the Linnean Society.\" is a bit misleading. I believe it is better to refer to the Linnean Society paper as a combination of evidence of Darwin\'s long-standing ideas on evolution and Wallace\'s sketch on the same topic. \r\n\r\n- \"The stock sold out the first day, people read Origin of Species on public transport, it was catalogued in England’s largest circulating library.\" I understand the intent, but this sentence should be restructured.\r\n\r\n- The background on Darwin and his publication of the Origin do not fully support or transition to the main intent of this manuscript. I believe that the manuscript should clearly make note that the background discussion establishes Darwin as a keen and prolific observer at several scales, from the wide variety of organisms and their variability to details of their anatomy, physiology and behavior. \r\n\r\nMy greatest concern is that the use of the contrast between the prosaic and insect-trapping plants might work well in a book where there is more room to expand on the topics, but appears to me to be too contrived in this manuscript. I think that a focus on just the carnivorous plants would make a much more satisfying presentation. It is such a scaled-down presentation that I support for publication in ERA.\r\n\r\nA small point: the Mttambo reference does not include a title.','2008-10-12 07:58:07',NULL,0),(94,2,256,242,242,8,'An Ethnobotany of Darwin’s Gardens','Dear Nina, \r\n\r\nThank you for your time waiting for this response. Please find attached and listed below the responses from a series of reviewers. Some are more authoritative than others but all provide different sorts of insights. Only one is a local reviewer. Two are experts on Darwin. One provides a European perspective, one an American perspective. I hope that this is a balanced peer-review.\r\n\r\nConsider this as accepted pending minor revisions that take into account the concerns of the reviewers. However, I do not expect you to rewrite the entire document in order to address their concerns.\r\n\r\nA revised manuscript may either be sent to me via e-mail attachment or through the journal web site as you prefer.\r\n\r\nWill\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer A:\r\nThere is only a slight connection of the first part with the second part of the article, or at least it is not highlighted. How is the Ethnobotany connected with Darwin and morphological adaptation of the plants listed?\r\nThe first part (the history of Darwin and of Evolution theories) could be summarized, couse it is a pretty well known story, and its shortening will not undermine the meaning of the article.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer C:\r\nI always have major trouble with your automated review process. Probably my antiquated computer (my kids say it\'s made of flint and was chipped out by a Homo erectus--which is to say it\'s a good 10 or 12 years old). \r\n\r\nOf course anything by Nina is super good--very authoritative, scholarly, and well written. This is no exception.\r\nI should think it should definitely be published, unless you are restricting yourselves to narrowly focused original-research articles.\r\n\r\nCharles Lyell didn\'t invent deep time; he pushed the principle of uniformitarianism to extreme lengths, which attracted and stimulated Darwin but caused endless trouble for later people from Agassiz to the channeled scablands research up here in Washington state.\r\n\r\nI agree with Darwin and not with Nina -- those garden plants are NOT prosaic.\r\n\r\nPrickly pears: I don\'t know about Darwin\'s time, but cochineal insects now thrive on prickly pears worldwide.\r\n\r\nOtherwise--fascinating. I had no idea that insectivorous plants were so useful medically. Great potential there. I read Darwin\'s book about them long ago.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer D:\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer E:\r\nThis is a most pleasant and enjoyable paper, with a fascinating speculation on the always-interesting Darwin.\r\n\r\nOne substantive comment: While there is an interesting overlap of plants which Darwin studies with ethnobotanically interesting species in the areas examined here, specifically the insect-trapping plants (pursuant to his book \"Insectivorous plants\"), it is also the case that another major work of his, rather the opposite subject, \"The various contrivances by which Orchids are fertilised by insects\" would have much less ethnopharmacological impact (opposite that, in the first case, the insects are food while, in the second, they are instruments of reproduction). Generally speaking, other than their famous use as cut flowers (for prom corsages, etc.), there are precious few ethnobotanically useful orchids, surprising for what is reputedly the largest plant family in the world (with nearly as many species as are found in all of North America north of the Rio Grande). The two that are usually mentioned are vanilla and salep; there are a few more, but not many. And they aren\'t very common in gardens.\r\n\r\nAnd another: The conclusion seems excessively brief, telegram-like, to me. It is not really clear to me what the author actually thinks of the comparison made in the paper. Another paragraph or two specifying more clearly what the \"observations\" (line 530) are, and an example of a hypothesis or two one might test (same line) might help. Alternately, the sentence at line 527 \"A collectively sizeable literature offers diverse methodologies and implications\" is, I\'m afraid, utterly obscure to me, and seems to be a conclusion to another paper. Generally, I think this section should be rewritten from scratch. The abstract is really not a precis of the findings in the paper, but more like a \"methods\" section.\r\n\r\nThe prose is occasionally a bit more dense than it needs be, in my opinion. Could \"constellate\" be replace by \"intersperse?\" or \"thigmotropic responses\" by \"movement?\" or \"phytotelmata\" by \"wet?\" there are others (\"frass\"). Fortunately, at line 246, Author uses \"eyespot,\" not \"ocellus.\" Bravo.\r\n\r\nA few other suggestions:\r\n\r\nline 51: much of the continent. Which continent?\r\n\r\nline 107: replace comma with a semi-colon\r\n\r\nline 189: \"whichvaries\" needs a space\r\n\r\nlines 228-236 refer to \"zone one\" and \"zone four\" of the purple pitcher plant, which zones are not defined.\r\n\r\nline 305: replace comma with a semi-colon.\r\n\r\nline 331: \'Darwin referred TO the receipt of a waterwheel study specimen AS \"a . . .\"\'\r\n\r\nline 346, Stylidium underlined, should be in italics.\r\n\r\nline 440: the reference to Moerman should be 1998 not 1989.\r\n\r\nFascinating paper; I hope a little tidying will make it more accessible to a broader audience.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer F:\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-10-13 13:25:07',NULL,1),(95,2,256,245,245,1006,'CURCUMA LONGA; AN ANTI-MICROBIALLY EFFECTIVE MEDICINAL SPICE','Dear Dr Jaya Vikas Kurhekar,\r\nThank you for showing interest in publishing your paper in our journal, Ethnobotany Research and Applications. \r\nWe regret to inform you that, although your paper is very interesting, it does not fit our journal being largely related to pharmacology. The manuscript has been reviewed by two of the editors and does not appear to provide information that we feel is new to science in that the antibiotic properties of Curcuma are fairly well known in the literature. Additionally, the paper does not follow the format used by ERA. \r\nWe would like to suggest the Journal of Ethnopharmocology to submit this article.\r\nThank you.\r\nRegards,\r\nVandana\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-10-22 13:27:26',NULL,1),(96,2,65536,230,230,161,'Kam Local Indigenous Knowledge and Sustainable Resource Management in Guizhou and Guangxi','Amy Eisenberg\r\n\r\nDear Will, \r\n\r\nI hope you are very well. Is there are problem with Figure 1. Kam Women\'s Drum Tower? I have uploaded it again and resubmitted it.\r\n\r\nThank you very much for the opportunity to share our work with the Kam people of China. \r\n\r\nAll my best,\r\nAmy\r\n\r\nAmy Eisenberg, Ph.D.\r\nSonoma County Indian Health Project\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-10-23 11:23:40',NULL,1),(97,2,256,233,233,21,'ETHNOMEDICINAL INVESTIGATION OF PHYTOMEDICINES IN ARID AREAS OF PAKISTAN','Editorial assistant\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-10-24 16:04:14',NULL,1),(98,2,256,246,246,6,'From Garden to Market? The cultivation of native and introduced medicinal plant species in','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-10-26 18:46:47',NULL,1),(99,5,65536,188,188,54,'“Starvation Taught Me Art”','CHANGE …the amount number of hours TO…the amount of time\r\n\r\nCHANGE…However, through the in-depth TO…Through the in-depth\r\n\r\nFORMATTING The paragraph starting with “In response to…” has the last sentence standing apart.','2008-10-27 05:58:53',NULL,0),(100,2,256,247,247,1018,'Ethnobotany of Agdestis clematidea (Phytolaccaceae) in Two Municipalities of Las Tunas Pro','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-10-27 06:54:46',NULL,1),(101,2,256,248,248,266,'A quantitative assessment of the indigenous plant use among two Chepang communities in the','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-10-27 07:31:02',NULL,1),(102,1,4096,186,148,420,'ETHNOBOTANY AND CONSERVATION OF HAUT NYONG FOREST VALLEY IN CAMEROON','General: The paper must be reviewed by a native English speaker. The inaccurate grammar and word usage makes the paper hard to read and understand. There are many typographical errors. For example, the affiliation of the third author is Camerooon, not cameroon. haut Nyong, etc.\r\n\r\nYou missed a great opportunity to compare the two study sites (or six villages) and two or more ethnic groups. You collected “socio-economic data” in some households. You collected a great deal of data but your paper does not elucidate new scientific knowledge/approaches. Several examples of studies that examine plant uses can be found in ERA published papers (see volume 6). Also, how does deforestation affect the availability of these medicinal plants? For example, is species A only found in primary forest? Is species B found only in secondary forest? How many of the identified species can be found in fallow fields? How do the species correlate with these habitats and can it support your conclusion that deforestation is leading to the demise of important medicinal plants on which these people seem to depend? \r\n\r\nIntroduction: \r\nIUCN deforestation rates (use the entire URL for the IUCN website so the reader can check these facts). What years are you comparing? According to http://rainforests.mongabay.com/deforestation_alpha.html these annual rates of deforestation (-0.62) are from 2000-2005. In the references, you should also state the date the URL was last seen (“accessed on October 28, 2008”) when websites are used. The mean is from which years? 7.3 million seems to be quite high. Cameroon rates are -0.98 during this time and should be stated. \r\n\r\nDeforestation in Haut Nyong does not appear to be due to natural events but is due to human activity. What is the “trade of products”?\r\n\r\nWhy do prices of NTFP increase because of genetic erosion?\r\n\r\nWhat was the purpose of the CWCS study? Was it the same as that of this paper? \r\n\r\nMethods:\r\nA map of the study sites would be useful. This part of Cameroon is not well-known. Use a period for a decimal point rather than a comma. Your two study sites are rather far from each other. Are they the same ethnic groups? The second site appears to be in the Haut Nyong area while the other is not. Are they both in the Nyong valley? The area is described as marsh, fields, fallow ground, yet the focus of your paper is on forest conservation and management. \r\n\r\nWas your total sample size 250? How was this number distributed among traditional healers, old, family heads, etc? How was the information in your files used? Was it part of the results reported? This could be different from the data collected during the study. Did you place voucher specimens in the herbarium? Who verified your identifications? \r\n\r\nResults and Discussion:\r\n\r\nSeparate results from the discussion. The appendix should be Table 1 and included in the body of the paper. \r\n\r\nWere there 43 different species of rubber trees? Logged trees = trees used as timber? fourteen insecticidal species or individual plants? Were there differences between/among your study sites or do you report combined results? \r\n\r\nWhat is a “shifted zone”?\r\n\r\nDo the Baka Pygmies use the same species of plants that you report? \r\n\r\nWhat is the conservation status of these important medicinal plants? Are any on the IUCN red list?\r\n\r\nLast sentence: Explain why the shift to traditional medicines has had adverse effects on the forest and herbal costs. \r\n\r\nFigure 2. “other diseases” is 68%. Please identify these “others”. It is much larger a category than malaria, which you discuss in some detail. \r\n\r\nConclusions: your conclusions do not appear to be supported by your data for the reasons stated above. What are the standards, regulations, and monitoring system that are a “saving support”?','2008-10-31 05:28:30',NULL,1),(103,1,4096,186,148,420,'ETHNOBOTANY AND CONSERVATION OF HAUT NYONG FOREST VALLEY IN CAMEROON','These authors have done a great deal of work identifying useful plants in a poorly explored part of Cameroon. The area around Dja is one of the diversity hotspots and management of the resources is of utmost importance. The study took place in two general areas (six villages); they could have but did not compare the two study sites (or six villages) and two or more ethnic groups. They could have but did not examine if these useful plants correlate with the various habitats that they describe. They collected a great deal of data but resulted in a simple list of useful plants with no analysis except a separation into categories. \r\n\r\nThe focus of their argument appears to be that deforestation is a threat to the continued use of these plants and they make the case that they could become extinct. Yet, they offer no data that supports this conclusion. \r\n\r\nI recommend that they re-visit their vast (and seemingly excellent) data set and examine it with one of the several quantification techniques that are commonly used. \r\n\r\nThe paper must be reviewed by a native English speaker.','2008-10-31 05:28:30',NULL,0),(104,2,256,156,156,144,'Etnobotánica Medicinal de los Indígenas Warao de Tucupita y de la','Dear Noreya Guanire,\r\n\r\nWe thank you for your interest in submitting your article to the ERA. At this time we regret to inform you that you article has been declined submission based on reviews given by two external reviewers with expertise in the subject area. \r\nThe reviewers have provided numerous constructive comments in their reviews. We hope these are helpful to you. \r\nOne review document has been attached with this email, another one is available as text within the email. You can also access them on the ERA website.\r\nWe look forward to a revised version of your article sometime.\r\nThanking you.\r\nRegards,\r\nVandana Krishnamurthy\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer A:\r\nEl articulo posee información valiosa sobre la etnia Warao y podría ser de gran interés para la ciencia de la Etnobotánica en general, así como también para ampliar el conocimiento que existe actualmente sobre los Warao quienes están pasando por un periodo de cambios importantes en su cultura. Además, existe muy poca información publicada a nivel internacional sobre la Etnobotánica de los pueblos venezolanos, lo cual a mi parecer, hace que los trabajos en esta área y región sean prioridad en revistas científicas. Sin embargo, el artículo tal y como esta no puede ser publicado por varias razones:\r\n1.La redacción es deficiente. Las oraciones son muy largas y se pierden el hilo de los pensamientos e ideas de los autores. También hay mucha información que sobra.\r\n2.Las distintas partes del articulo deben de ser organizadas y pensadas mejor. Los autores no siguen el método científico. Los objetivos deben estar planteados más claramente en la introduccion. De igual manera, los métodos están desordenados. En la parte de Metodología tiene que haber una descripción más detallada de cómo se empleo cada método (por ejemplo entrevistas, caminatas, inventarios) para conseguir los resultados publicados. \r\n3. Los Resultados están bien aunque se mezclan con la Discusión y podrían estar presentados de manera más ordenada o sintetizada de acuerdo a los objetivos planteados. \r\n4.La Bibliografía es extensa lo cual es muy bueno pero casi ningún trabajo aparece citado en el articulo.\r\n\r\nAnexo estoy mandando mis comentarios sobre el trabajo con correcciones etc. Mucha suerte!\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-11-03 15:56:06',NULL,1),(105,2,65536,226,226,419,'Our response to the Comments by Reviewer 1','Dear Dr McClatchey, \r\n\r\nThe attached file contains our responses to the Comments by Reviewer 1. We would appreciate if you would let us know how shall we proceed ?\r\n\r\nThank you\r\n\r\nSincerely\r\n\r\nShailesh\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-11-05 17:42:16',NULL,1),(106,1,4096,253,171,5,'Keeping the Spirit Alive: Rice whisky production in Northern Laos','Keeping the Spirit Review\r\n-Yes, this paper was written in clear English. There are a few typos, though they could be in part due to a British rather than America English grammar. \r\n-The subject is very well conceptualized.\r\n-Yes, it is reproducible.\r\n-No hypothesis, just descriptive\r\n-no tables or figures, but excellent and pertinent photos\r\n\r\nI found this essay very entertaining and informative. Very well written and had a natural flow to the paper. Publish this.\r\n\r\n-Yes, I think something new is contributed to the science of Ethnobotany.\r\n-I think this paper is appealing to a wide range of ethnobotanists\r\n-no serious flaws\r\n- The only thing missing is Latinized plant names for the species involved. “mak nam thow, a kind of forest gourd’, I would like to know what this is.\r\n-my only other concern is at the bottom of page 3 the author refers to “Rice Wine”. Fermented grains by definition are a beer, not a wine, even though rice wine is the popular term.','2008-11-07 10:09:02',NULL,1),(107,1,4096,253,171,5,'Keeping the Spirit Alive: Rice whisky production in Northern Laos','Keeping the Spirit Review\r\n-Yes, this paper was written in clear English. There are a few typos, though they could be in part due to a British rather than America English grammar. \r\n-The subject is very well conceptualized.\r\n-Yes, it is reproducible.\r\n-No hypothesis, just descriptive\r\n-no tables or figures, but excellent and pertinent photos\r\n\r\nI found this essay very entertaining and informative. Very well written and had a natural flow to the paper. Publish this.\r\n\r\n-Yes, I think something new is contributed to the science of Ethnobotany.\r\n-I think this paper is appealing to a wide range of ethnobotanists\r\n-no serious flaws\r\n- The only thing missing is Latinized plant names for the species involved. “mak nam thow, a kind of forest gourd’, I would like to know what this is.\r\n-my only other concern is at the bottom of page 3 the author refers to “Rice Wine”. Fermented grains by definition are a beer, not a wine, even though rice wine is the popular term.','2008-11-07 10:09:02',NULL,0),(108,2,256,252,252,1044,'A Preliminary Survey on Ethnomedicinal Flora of Bilaspur district','Dear Dr. Ajay K.Gautam, \r\n\r\nWe really appreciate your interest in Ethnobotany Research & Applications, and we would like to thank you for submitting your interesting paper which has been evaluated by two qualified reviewers. Unfortunately, their feedback is not positive, thus we are sorry to communicate to you that your paper has been rejected, mainly because it does not meet the minimum standards of the Journal. There is a general lacking of scientific methods (is your research reproducible by someone else with the information in your article? How did you plan and set your interviews? How many healers did you interview? Which is the aim of your paper?), and there is not a specific mention on ethical, legal and intellectual concerns and also publications cited are very few. We believe that you will be able to submit your article again after making some major improvements: firstly, it could be useful to read McClatchey W., 2006 (Improving the Quality of International Ethnobotany Research and Publications - Ethnobotany Research & Applications, 4, pp. 1-9), and maybe some articles concerning ethnobotanical methods.\r\n\r\nYours sincerely,\r\nDr. Valentina Savo\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-11-07 16:38:25',NULL,1),(109,2,256,241,241,964,'Folk biomedicines and traditional practices to cure various veterinary diseases','Dear authors,\r\nWe really appreciate your interest in Ethnobotany Research & Applications, and we would like to thank you for submitting your interesting paper which has been evaluated by two qualified reviewers. Unfortunately, their feedback is not positive, thus we are sorry to communicate to you that your paper has been rejected, mainly because it does not meet the minimum standards of the Journal. There is a general lacking of scientific methods (is your research reproducible by someone else with the information in your article? How did you plan and set your interviews? Which is the aim of your paper? How is your paper contributing in ethnobotanical research?), and there is not a specific mention on ethical, legal and intellectual concerns and also publications cited are very few. We would like to encourage you to make some major improvements and then submit your article again: firstly, it could be useful to read McClatchey W., 2006 (Improving the Quality of International Ethnobotany Research and Publications - Ethnobotany Research & Applications, 4, pp. 1-9), and also Aas E., 2003 (Traditional Tannin-Treatment Against Intestinal Parasites in Sheep and Cattle - Ethnobotany Research & Applications, 1, 31-38) and maybe some articles concerning ethnobotanical methods.\r\n\r\nYours sincerely,\r\nDr. Valentina Savo\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-11-10 14:04:14',NULL,1),(110,2,256,257,257,1058,'Plants of Ethno-Pharmacological Significance from Arid Zone of Rajasthan,India','Kavya Dashora,\r\n\r\nThe article \"Plants of Ethno-Pharmacological Significance from Arid Zone of Rajasthan,India\" has been declined. The article consisted only of an introduction and figures. The article needs to have a discussion of the results, conclusion, hypothesis, reproducible methods, and testable results to be considered for review. \r\n\r\nThank you for your interest in the Ethnobotany Research and Applications journal. \r\n\r\nLauren Kerr\r\nEthnobotany Research and Applications\r\nEditorial Assistant\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-11-12 14:58:16',NULL,1),(111,2,256,250,250,941,'Ethnomedicinal plants of Villupuram district, Tamilnadu, India','done','2008-11-12 16:24:42',NULL,0),(112,2,256,250,250,1039,'Ethnomedicinal plants of','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-11-12 16:25:23',NULL,1),(113,2,256,257,257,1058,'Plants of Ethno-Pharmacological Significance','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-11-12 16:27:01',NULL,1),(114,2,256,239,239,952,'An Ethno-Medico-Botanical study of Bolangir...','Dear Sarada Prasad Mohapatra,\r\n\r\n Your article has been declined for submission by the Ethnobotany Research and Applications journal. It is in need of major revisions. Since you submitted this article once before, I have included a review of the article that led to our decision to decline it. Hopefully this will help guide you in writing better, publishable articles in the future. \r\n\r\n The article had some major flaws. The methodology was barely described and definitely not reproducible. The key thing about any scientific field is that the methods must be reproducible. You did not have a hypothesis or a conclusion. It was unclear what knowledge you were trying to gain through this study.The article had very few references despite the incredible wealth of ethnomedicinal knowledge in the Himalayan region. It should be easy to find these sources. \r\n \r\n Having more sources would help you to develop a hypothesis. for example, by reading different sources you can get a range of pharmacological category with which you can create predicted results of the amount and type of plant used medicinally. A hypothesis should be based on regional literature. Finding out the work that has been done will help you to compare your results. If your results do not match the results in the pharmocopias, then that could lead to a discussion on why it is that way in this area of the world: would it be cultural? Environmental? Ect. Learning more about the area through the literature will help you to further develop your scientific research and open many other doors to you. The article had many broad, unscientific, assumptions with little fact or cited literature to support them. Having appropriate sources, methodologies, and a discussion that ties them all together is the key to a good scientific paper. \r\n\r\n There were also a great number of formatting errors. You put a lot of statements that belonged in the introduction in the methodology section instead. The introduction should have given us much more information pertaining to the scientific study. The introduction’s purpose is to give the background of already known information on the subject. It should set the stage for your scientific discussion and hypothesis. The information included in the introduction should support your claims in the discussion. You will not have a good paper without a good introduction. The introduction is best written after the rest of the article has been written. All of the information in the introduction should directly correlate with your results, discussion, and hypothesis. It should re-establish the conclusions you drew and what literature those conclusions are drawn from. Your data alone will not give you a conclusion, the data must be analyzed and compared with other available information in order to draw a conclusion and this analysis will easily bring about the discussion that the paper currently lacks.\r\n \r\n I hope this email will help you to fix reoccurring problems in your scientific writings and research. Thank you for your interest in the Ethnobotany Research and Applications journal.\r\n\r\n For further advice on writing scientific ethnobotanical articles, please access the archives section of the ERA journal and read the article: \"Improving Quality of International Ethnobotany Research and Publications\" by Dr. Will McClatchey in Volume 4 of the journal. \r\n\r\n\r\nSincerely,\r\n\r\nLauren Kerr\r\nEthnobotany Research and Applications\r\nEditorial Assistant\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-11-13 13:13:21',NULL,1),(115,2,256,236,236,947,'MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM CHATKAL BIOSPHERE RESERVE USED FOR FOLK MEDICINE IN UZBEKISTAN','Dear Dilfuza Egamberdieva, \r\n\r\nThe article \"MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM CHATKAL BIOSPHERE RESERVE USED FOR FOLK MEDICINE IN UZBEKISTAN\" has been declined for submission. \r\n\r\nThis article contains a multitude of interesting topics regarding Uzbekistan folk medicine, but it has some major flaws. Many of the points presented are unclear and there are major formatting, citation and English grammar problems. Although some grammar problems can be overlooked, there were many areas on this article where it was very unclear what the author was trying to say. The topic is definitely very interesting and appeals to many different disciplines and has the potential to be a very good article, but it is in need of some major revisions before it can be considered for publication by the ERA journal. \r\n\r\nThank you for your interest in the Ethnobotany Research and Applications journal.\r\n\r\nLauren Kerr\r\nEthnobotany Research and Applications\r\nEditorial Assistant\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-11-13 15:59:56',NULL,1),(116,2,256,262,262,963,'ETHNO-MEDICIANAL PLANTS USED FOR VENEREAL AND GYNECO','Patel Narendra Kirtibhaik,\r\n\r\nWe are sorry to inform you that your article \"ETHNO-MEDICIANAL PLANTS USED FOR VENEREAL AND GYNECOLOGICAL DISEASES IN DANTA TALUKA (GUJARAT)\" has been declined for submission by the Ethnobotany Research and Applications journal. \r\n\r\nThe article was missing major elements, the most important being reproducible results. The article only covered a few plants, despite the hundreds of plants used medicinally in that area of India; there was no discussion of the results, conclusion, or hypothesis. \r\n\r\nPlease refer to the article \"Improving Quality of International Ethnobotany Research and Publications\" in volume four of the Ethnobotany Research and Applications journal. It can be found in the archive section of the ERA website. \r\n\r\nThank you for your interest in the Ethnobotany Research and Applications journal. \r\n\r\nSincerely, \r\n\r\nLauren Kerr\r\nEthnobotany Research and Applications\r\nEditorial Assistant\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-11-18 13:52:50',NULL,1),(117,1,4096,234,126,274,'Are Our Students Taxonomically Challenged or Not?','Review: # 234 Are our students taxonomically challenged or not? \r\n\r\nAppraisal: \r\n\r\n1. Written in clear English, but language suggests different writers and sometimes has an arch tone: “humans inherent ability to discern similarities and differences is what helped to perpetuate their continued existence” is in the same paragraph as: “Does our current educational system prepare our students well enough to ensure their continued existence in our so-called highly evolved society?” \r\n\r\n2. Subject is adequately conceptualized and contextualized. However, the research question “We decided to find out if our non-science majors are technically aware of [the need to adhere to a consistent naming system to prevent confusion within the group] and have been adequately trained to perpetuate the continued existence of humankind” is not readily addressed through this exercise.\r\n\r\n3. Methods are sufficiently described but might be revised to allow better understanding of research question. Weaknesses include shortage of time to carry out the study (45 minutes), lack of opportunity for groups to discuss and describe the system, if any, used to name their 40 specimens. Finally, information on group composition should be included if students’ backgrounds and experiences are important. For example, prior to entering this university as freshmen, students are required to have taken 3 years of natural science. \r\n\r\n4. Hypothesis on “human categorization process” is not adequately tested, likely due to constraints of method and design. This categorization exercise may not involve knowledge or practices relevant to students’ existence (or grade); students may not take the exercise seriously.\r\n\r\n5. The conclusions are tentative, unable to answer the research question in #2 above. Authors suggest future work based on their results. These include doing a similar exercise with younger students, students in another country, and changing the setting.\r\n\r\n6. Too many tables and photos; suggest pairing of names and categories with plant photos. \r\n\r\n7. Citations are relevant.\r\n\r\nOverall, it is not clear that this paper contributes something new in its current form. It might be publishable in a shorter form (research brief?) with the research question and language revised to address the questions this exercise could address: What prior experiences are reflected in the names and categories, and, given the diverse cultures represented among students, what may be implied about the cultural influences? It could lead to further studies as the authors suggest. \r\n\r\nIf the exercise were to be carried out again, it would be interesting to look at outcomes if students were grouped in different ways.','2008-11-26 19:37:32',NULL,1),(118,1,4096,199,158,176,'Relationship between four Tribal Communities and their Natural Resources in the Koraput Re','• The English is clear even if some sections should be improved within the text\r\n• The paper is relevant even if the scope of the paper was not adequately conceptualized and contextualized; \r\n• The methods are not described; the study is based on qualitative anthropology but even qualitative anthropology is based on tools and methods that should be described in order to allow order people later to reproduce the study.\r\n• No hypothesis was tested and no theory was generated\r\n• Conclusions do not follow from research methods since the details of the methods were not provided by the authors.\r\n• All the citations are relevant\r\n• A critical part of the paper regarding the research methods is missing.','2008-11-28 10:14:09','2008-11-28 23:57:56',1),(119,1,4096,199,158,176,'Relationship between four Tribal Communities and their Natural Resources in the Koraput Re','a) This paper could contribute to something new to the science of ethnobotany if some of the flaws regarding the research methods are provided and if the authors can clarify why they said this paper is a theoretical discussion why it seems not to be one. This paper challenges the conventional thinking of the inability of local communities in sustainable management biodiversity and conservation efforts out of protected areas. \r\nb) This is a appealing to a broad range of ethnobotanists regarding the critic of ethnobotany not only as a descriptive discipline but more as a discipline that generates knowledge that can contribute to challenge the conventional thinking and processes of biodiversity conservation out of protected areas.\r\nc) This paper has some flaw, regarding its scope i.e it conceptualisation and context should be articulated , research methods should be detailed that can help to improve the paper toward its publication.\r\nThe paper is publishable if the revisions are properly covered.','2008-11-28 10:14:09',NULL,0),(120,1,4096,199,158,176,'Relationship between four Tribal Communities and their Natural Resources in the Koraput Re','• The English is clear even if some sections should be improved within the text\r\n• The paper is relevant even if the scope of the paper was not adequately conceptualized and contextualized; \r\n• The methods are not described; the study is based on qualitative anthropology but even qualitative anthropology is based on tools and methods that should be described in order to allow order people later to reproduce the study.\r\n• No hypothesis was tested and no theory was generated\r\n• Conclusions do not follow from research methods since the details of the methods were not provided by the authors.\r\n• All the citations are relevant\r\n• A critical part of the paper regarding the research methods is missing.','2008-11-28 10:15:14',NULL,1),(121,1,4096,199,158,176,'Relationship between four Tribal Communities and their Natural Resources in the Koraput Re','a) This paper could contribute to something new to the science of ethnobotany if some of the flaws regarding the research methods are provided and if the authors can clarify why they said this paper is a theoretical discussion why it seems not to be one. This paper challenges the conventional thinking of the inability of local communities in sustainable management biodiversity and conservation efforts out of protected areas. \r\nb) This is a appealing to a broad range of ethnobotanists regarding the critic of ethnobotany not only as a descriptive discipline but more as a discipline that generates knowledge that can contribute to challenge the conventional thinking and processes of biodiversity conservation out of protected areas.\r\nc) This paper has some flaw, regarding its scope i.e it conceptualisation and context should be articulated , research methods should be detailed that can help to improve the paper toward its publication.\r\nThe paper is publishable if the revisions are properly covered.','2008-11-28 10:15:14',NULL,0),(122,2,512,234,234,1,'Are Our Students Taxonomically Challenged or Not?','Dear colleagues,\r\n\r\nthe reviewers of your paper have come to the conclusion that some revisions are required before publication. Please find their comments below. \r\nKindly address the comments made and prepare a revised edition of your manuscript.\r\n\r\nYour sincerely,\r\nRainer Bussmann\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer C:\r\nReview of Lau et al. for ERA\r\n\r\nThis paper presents the results of a naming and categorization exercise conducted by groups of undergraduate students in an ethnobotany class. The method is potentially quite useful, and some interesting results were obtained. For example, in keeping with the suggestion that humans are naturally inclined towards adjective+noun names, over half of the student-generated names were binomials, whereas most category names were one-word.\r\n\r\nUnfortunately, the introduction makes promises that the data can’t live up to. For example, the authors “hypothesize that non-science majors exhibit similar patterns ... even though [they] come from different cultural and knowledge backgrounds. In other words, we hope to determine if these students share a distinct perceptual system....” Under the Methods, participants are broken down by ethnicity. (Figure 1 looks fishy, as over 25% of the pie chart seems to be “white,” whereas the paragraph above says “75% of the students were members of minorities.”) However, although some groups of students seem to have utilized different naming methods (e.g., long polynomials, bizarre category names most likely attributable to simple slackerdom), there seems to be no way of determining whether these practices arose from those students’ cultural or knowledge backgrounds, and the question is not addressed. \r\n\r\nLikewise, under “research purpose,” the investigators wish to ask whether this study might “provide insights into [the] human categorization process,” which has been variously argued to reflect primarily the categorizer’s conceptual view, real characteristics of the natural world, or a combination of the two. They do not return to explore the question of whether the study did provide such insights, which it almost certainly did not. Despite their various pigmentations, as far as we can tell, these students were all or mostly residents of Hawaii, and had ca. two decades of socialization and formal education in American/Hawaiian conceptual patterns. At the end of the paper, the authors suggest having students from other countries perform the same exercise. This would indeed be valuable; the authors say it “will probably tell us if students are alike around the world,” but a major caveat is that that is not equivalent to telling us if people are alike around the world.\r\n\r\nFinally, the introduction emphasizes how essential naming and classification are to human communication and thereby to functioning societies. It twice offers to explore the question of whether our students are adequately trained to “ensure their continued existence” or “perpetuate the continued existence of humankind.” The implication is that if these students don’t have what it takes to name and categorize from scratch, they’d be in danger of cultural collapse if left to their own devices. The trouble with this suggestion is that it has probably always been a minority of knowledgeable or clever people in any society who observe biological diversity, explore its uses, and invent new names for species or groups that seem worthy of attention. The average dullard is not expected to discover new useful plants (for example) and make up names for them, but simply to learn the names that he observes his elders using for known plants, so that he in turn can use and pass on the culture’s accumulated knowledge. From this perspective, if we want to know whether our students would be able to keep humanity going, it would be far more relevant to know whether they can memorize and correctly apply existing names and uses for known plants.\r\n\r\nDespite this study’s limitations, the method is quick and potentially very useful, especially if others accept the authors’ invitation to try it out on groups of students in other countries — or better yet, on groups of humans who are not students! A number of such results that individually seem unimportant might combine to produce a fascinating picture. This paper is, therefore, well worth publishing; I suggest only that the authors move the most expansive language to the end of the paper, in future tense, rather than leading the reader to expect more from the present study than it can deliver.\r\n\r\nNow for a more specific quibble: It is not clear to this reviewer where the word-type categories from, especially, Table 2 came from. What is the distinction between “Constructions, inventions and technologies” and “Ship parts,” for example? If “Food, beverages, and food plants” or “Natural inanimate objects” are treated as broad single categories, why are “Medical conditions” and “Medicine” separated, or “Cosmetics,” “Toiletries,” and “Hairstyles”? Is there a reliable distinction between an “Action,” an “Event,” and an “Experience”, or between “Decorations,” “Fabrics,” and “Art”? What’s a “Descriptive noun”? I have a suspicion that these categories themselves reflect a culturally mediated process of characterization, this time by the authors, and that if I or someone else had had to go through and sort all these words into a list of “term types,” the list might have looked rather different. If this method is to be utilized with people from genuinely different cultures, who are liable to come up with different sorts of names, results of this type will be hard to compare if each publication uses a different set of idiosyncratic categories. \r\n\r\nThe paper needs to be proofread; there are a number of small errors scattered throughout that suggest it was hastily written. One final comment on language: the authors profess themselves baffled by the phrase “red-headed stepchild,” used by one group to describe a showy red inflorescence, saying “Perhaps some students felt that stepchildren were generally red-headed....” Maybe they were joking here, but if not, this phrase comes from a colloquial expression: “To beat [someone] like a red-headed stepchild,” meaning to violently abuse him. If this expression is not common in Hawaii, its use may derive from some student’s “different cultural background.”\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer E:\r\nReview: # 234 Are our students taxonomically challenged or not? \r\n\r\nAppraisal: \r\n\r\n1. Written in clear English, but language suggests different writers and sometimes has an arch tone: “humans inherent ability to discern similarities and differences is what helped to perpetuate their continued existence” is in the same paragraph as: “Does our current educational system prepare our students well enough to ensure their continued existence in our so-called highly evolved society?” \r\n\r\n2. Subject is adequately conceptualized and contextualized. However, the research question “We decided to find out if our non-science majors are technically aware of [the need to adhere to a consistent naming system to prevent confusion within the group] and have been adequately trained to perpetuate the continued existence of humankind” is not readily addressed through this exercise.\r\n\r\n3. Methods are sufficiently described but might be revised to allow better understanding of research question. Weaknesses include shortage of time to carry out the study (45 minutes), lack of opportunity for groups to discuss and describe the system, if any, used to name their 40 specimens. Finally, information on group composition should be included if students’ backgrounds and experiences are important. For example, prior to entering this university as freshmen, students are required to have taken 3 years of natural science. \r\n\r\n4. Hypothesis on “human categorization process” is not adequately tested, likely due to constraints of method and design. This categorization exercise may not involve knowledge or practices relevant to students’ existence (or grade); students may not take the exercise seriously.\r\n\r\n5. The conclusions are tentative, unable to answer the research question in #2 above. Authors suggest future work based on their results. These include doing a similar exercise with younger students, students in another country, and changing the setting.\r\n\r\n6. Too many tables and photos; suggest pairing of names and categories with plant photos. \r\n\r\n7. Citations are relevant.\r\n\r\nOverall, it is not clear that this paper contributes something new in its current form. It might be publishable in a shorter form (research brief?) with the research question and language revised to address the questions this exercise could address: What prior experiences are reflected in the names and categories, and, given the diverse cultures represented among students, what may be implied about the cultural influences? It could lead to further studies as the authors suggest. \r\n\r\nIf the exercise were to be carried out again, it would be interesting to look at outcomes if students were grouped in different ways.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-12-03 11:24:23',NULL,1),(123,1,256,196,195,2,'Botanical Knowledge of a Group of College Students in South Carolina, U.S.A.','This article is pretty good although it has a few weaknesses that could be easily overcome.\r\n1. The philosophical and applied pedagogy that were used are not terribly clear. This is important to understand the context of the work that was done. Perhaps a couple of sentences framing this aspect would improve clarity of the methods.\r\n2. Work of Kim Dolgin, Douglas Behrend, Norbert Ross, Stanford Zent and Lisa Leimar Price bears upon this work and provides reflection both on U.S. and other populations of children and their knowledge of plants. Bringing some of this work in as part of the theoretical discussion of how ethnobiologists deal with children’s knowledge and education, etc. would improve the quality of this article and its relevance to larger educational questions.\r\n3. Several recent articles in ERA appear to deal with at least somewhat overlapping issues and yet these were not cited in this paper. It would be valuable to revisit these and include as appropriate. While only one of these appears to deal with children (and has been cited already), the others that deal with education in universities and some of the same kinds of questions.','2008-12-05 12:34:33',NULL,1),(124,2,256,196,196,260,'[ERA] Botanical Knowledge of a Group of College Students in South Carolina, U.S.A.','Dear Gail Wagner,\r\n\r\nWe are happy to inform you that your article has been accepted by the ERA. It will now now move on to editing stage before it gets published. \r\n\r\nThe reviews have been made available to you in this email. The reviewers have made some recommendations that you may want to consider using in your article.\r\n\r\nLet us know if you would want to make these changes or continue using the article that you submitted. Thank you for submitting your article to ERA.\r\n\r\nRegards,\r\nVandana\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\nA) Article reveals a methodological flaw in the way data is compared when surveying industrialized societies (reflected by university students in this study) and resource-dependent societies on their knowledge of plants, something I’ve not considered. It points readers to an important consideration – understanding the significance of cultural saliency between groups in terms of the plants chosen to survey. \r\n\r\nArticle seems to meet criteria in all areas. It makes a case for more in-depth analysis of data in this study by showing that the data as collected does not represent the true outcome. Author suggests the next step in the study and hypothesizes results. Her prediction is obvious and could be considered so predictable that the reader may not be interested in hearing about the research in later publications. \r\n\r\nB) In my opinion from an informal science perspective, I believe this study has particular value to those working with teachers in K-12 schools. It is a good example of a base-line study with an easily reproducible model for data collection, is easy to read and interpret, and it models data results in a variety of charts and tables. The study could easily apply to children and adolescents in public schools and could guide teachers in curriculum planning. \r\n\r\nD) Information from this study informs place-based learning and efforts to get children outdoors to connect with nature. It makes a case for providing cultural connections to the study of plants and reinforces the need for those direct experiences in a variety of settings so that children become familiar with not only cultivated plants in the landscape but also those native to their place. This, as stated, builds eco-literacy which is necessary for sustainable resource management. I can use this information on a number of levels for our work with children.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer D:\r\nThis article is pretty good although it has a few weaknesses that could be easily overcome.\r\n1. The philosophical and applied pedagogy that were used are not terribly clear. This is important to understand the context of the work that was done. Perhaps a couple of sentences framing this aspect would improve clarity of the methods.\r\n2. Work of Kim Dolgin, Douglas Behrend, Norbert Ross, Stanford Zent and Lisa Leimar Price bears upon this work and provides reflection both on U.S. and other populations of children and their knowledge of plants. Bringing some of this work in as part of the theoretical discussion of how ethnobiologists deal with children’s knowledge and education, etc. would improve the quality of this article and its relevance to larger educational questions.\r\n3. Several recent articles in ERA appear to deal with at least somewhat overlapping issues and yet these were not cited in this paper. It would be valuable to revisit these and include as appropriate. While only one of these appears to deal with children (and has been cited already), the others that deal with education in universities and some of the same kinds of questions.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-12-05 13:40:15',NULL,1),(125,1,4096,253,172,1053,'Keeping the Spirit Alive: Rice whisky production in Northern Laos','a)Does this paper contribute something new to the science of ethnobotany and meet the criteria listed above?\r\n\r\n-This photo essay investigating the rice whiskey production in Laos has interesting visual sources which may be published only after major revisions to the text. \r\n\r\n-Overall, the essay is readable; however, general style and grammar comments have been made, which may or may not be considered in the final published version. The text lacks intended placement of the figures with titles and descriptions. Also, sections need to be reorganized to flow more logically. Methods need to be improved to include specific epithets. Hypotheses are lacking; however, this is a photo essay, which may not need hypotheses. The author should conclude with their own future research ideas (i.e.; how important will rice whiskey production be in Laos the future? Or how vital is alcohol production in a predominantly Buddhist society? \r\n\r\n-Due to the use of only one reference, the text of the photo essay may be a replication of much the previously published work. Caution should be noted to the author, especially because the sole author of the photo essay continually uses the term ‘we’ throughout the text. \r\n\r\nb)Would this paper be appealing to a broad range of ethnobotanists?\r\n\r\n-This photo essay would be appealing to a broad range of ethnobiologists, if revisions were made.\r\n\r\nc)If the paper has some serious flaw, is there anything about the authors, the topic, or other criteria that should encourage the editor to pursue improvements and publication?\r\n\r\n-See comments in a)\r\n\r\nd)Please provide any additional constructive comments that you have for the author(s).\r\n\r\n-See track changes in the text of the attached file.','2008-12-05 14:39:45',NULL,1),(126,1,4096,253,172,1053,'Keeping the Spirit Alive: Rice whisky production in Northern Laos','As a reviewer, I question the legality of rice whiskey production in Laos. If the photo essay will incriminate any of the individuals in the photos, I would not publish this photo essay, unless the photos have been edited to not include faces and places.\r\n\r\nThe author should be questioned regarding the local laws in Laos concerning backyard rice whiskey production.\r\n\r\nOnce the revisions to the text have been made, I would recommend publishing this photo essay.','2008-12-05 14:39:45',NULL,0),(127,1,4096,251,169,176,'Ethnobotany of some useful plants of Poonch Valley Azad Kashmir','The written of English looks clear even if the authors need to reread the paper carefully. \r\nThe title does not reflect the density of the findings. There is also another issue related to problem (what is the problem your want to address? Why it is so important? This is not very clear in the introduction) is not adequately conceptualized and contextualized. This makes difficult to follow the structure and the sequence of paper within the results and discussions. That’s why you have some problems with the first part in the conclusion where you have to asses if your objectives have been achieved or not. There is also a lack of references in the context; even if you are the authors are the first persons to conduct research in the areas).\r\nMethods have to be improved because in they are not reproducible in their current state and not sufficiently described by keeping their logical sequence (see my comments within this section).\r\nConclusions do actually reflect the density of methods and results. However, the recommendations suggest by the authors seem to be very relevant for future work. \r\nThe only figure within the text is clear and pertinent but it overlaps on two pages; there is a need to resize it. Information’s presented in some paragraphs should be compiled in tables because (see my comment in the text) to makes it easy to follow and understand\r\nMore relevant citations are needed compared to the size of the paper.\r\nThere is no result present for market assessment and the discussions seems not be the exercise of what has been found in the results.','2008-12-06 05:48:42',NULL,1),(128,1,4096,251,169,176,'Ethnobotany of some useful plants of Poonch Valley Azad Kashmir','a) This paper can contribute to something new to the science of ethnobotany if the authors revised the article based on critics provided and then it can meet the criteria listed above. This paper could become relevant in the mutation of ethnobotany not as rigid discipline with only descriptive findings but as a discipline that contributes to the current evolvement of biodiversity and conservation thinking. This thinking is structured around non-equilibrium theory which recognized that there is a high degree of uncertainty in the behaviour of many tropical ecosystems; this makes it difficult to predict the levels of production that system might yield from one year to the next, and how ecosystem structure may change over time. The interactions between ecology, society and economy are the composite level to which analysis and intervention to generate innovations requested for sustainable outcomes at the socio-ecological systems.\r\n\r\nb) This paper is an appealing to a broad range of ethnobotanists in term of linking scientific knowledge to transformation of the reality through innovations and flexible processes such like co-management. \r\n\r\nc) Most of information is already within the paper; the authors need to organize his findings by putting every thing in the right place. This paper has the potential to become a relevant paper.','2008-12-06 05:48:42',NULL,0),(129,1,4096,253,173,298,'Keeping the Spirit Alive: Rice whisky production in Northern Laos','Interesting photo essay, that captures all essential steps in the fermentation process in pictures, with prosaic, but accurate accompanying text. I had the chance to go through the ms with some Lao colleagues.\r\n\r\nIt is of interest for scholars studying local and ethnic fermentation. By adding some information on plant species used for variations it would give it a broader scope. \r\n\r\nIn Luang Namtha province it is common to let the condensate from the distillation column drip through leaves of \'Katoum\' (Rubus spp.), which gives the resulting liquor a green colour. Could you elaborate on this and other variations (such as chillies) in the ms?\r\n\r\nWhat ethnic minority does Mrs. Mo belong to? Is she Tai Dam, Tai Lu, Lao or smt else?\r\n\r\nI have marked some minor changes/comments in the ms.','2008-12-07 06:47:25','2008-12-07 06:48:31',1),(130,1,4096,253,173,298,'Keeping the Spirit Alive: Rice whisky production in Northern Laos','Dear Will,\r\n\r\nQuite an interesting essay. Lao lao is really at the centre of Lao country life (as you probably know too). The pictures and text accurately cover the entire process. I had my colleagues, Chanda Vongsombath and Vichith Lamxay, look through it with me, and both thought it was good. They remarked that Mrs. Mo was probably not Lao.\r\n\r\nI can recommend it for publication, after minor changes.\r\n\r\nBest, Hugo\r\n\r\nBTW I have applied for some funds to come to Hawaii for the symposium that you mentioned before. Roughly when is the mini-symposium planned?','2008-12-07 06:47:25',NULL,0),(131,2,256,253,253,1052,'Keeping the Spirit Alive: Rice whisky production in Northern Laos','Dear Claudio Delang,\r\n\r\nWe are happy to inform you that your photo essay has been accepted to be published by the ERA journal. \r\n\r\nThe reviews have been attached with this email. You can also log on to the ERA website to access the reviews. \r\n\r\nThe reviewers have made some valuable suggestions that you may want to include in your manuscript. Please let us know if you would want to incorporate those changes and re-submit or if you would like to keep the present manuscript the way it is.\r\n\r\nThank you for choosing ERA.\r\nRegards,\r\nVandana\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer A:\r\nKeeping the Spirit Review\r\n-Yes, this paper was written in clear English. There are a few typos, though they could be in part due to a British rather than America English grammar. \r\n-The subject is very well conceptualized.\r\n-Yes, it is reproducible.\r\n-No hypothesis, just descriptive\r\n-no tables or figures, but excellent and pertinent photos\r\n\r\nI found this essay very entertaining and informative. Very well written and had a natural flow to the paper. Publish this.\r\n\r\n-Yes, I think something new is contributed to the science of Ethnobotany.\r\n-I think this paper is appealing to a wide range of ethnobotanists\r\n-no serious flaws\r\n- The only thing missing is Latinized plant names for the species involved. “mak nam thow, a kind of forest gourd’, I would like to know what this is.\r\n-my only other concern is at the bottom of page 3 the author refers to “Rice Wine”. Fermented grains by definition are a beer, not a wine, even though rice wine is the popular term.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\na)Does this paper contribute something new to the science of ethnobotany and meet the criteria listed above?\r\n\r\n-This photo essay investigating the rice whiskey production in Laos has interesting visual sources which may be published only after major revisions to the text. \r\n\r\n-Overall, the essay is readable; however, general style and grammar comments have been made, which may or may not be considered in the final published version. The text lacks intended placement of the figures with titles and descriptions. Also, sections need to be reorganized to flow more logically. Methods need to be improved to include specific epithets. Hypotheses are lacking; however, this is a photo essay, which may not need hypotheses. The author should conclude with their own future research ideas (i.e.; how important will rice whiskey production be in Laos the future? Or how vital is alcohol production in a predominantly Buddhist society? \r\n\r\n-Due to the use of only one reference, the text of the photo essay may be a replication of much the previously published work. Caution should be noted to the author, especially because the sole author of the photo essay continually uses the term ‘we’ throughout the text. \r\n\r\nb)Would this paper be appealing to a broad range of ethnobotanists?\r\n\r\n-This photo essay would be appealing to a broad range of ethnobiologists, if revisions were made.\r\n\r\nc)If the paper has some serious flaw, is there anything about the authors, the topic, or other criteria that should encourage the editor to pursue improvements and publication?\r\n\r\n-See comments in a)\r\n\r\nd)Please provide any additional constructive comments that you have for the author(s).\r\n\r\n-See track changes in the text of the attached file.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer C:\r\nInteresting photo essay, that captures all essential steps in the fermentation process in pictures, with prosaic, but accurate accompanying text. I had the chance to go through the ms with some Lao colleagues.\r\n\r\nIt is of interest for scholars studying local and ethnic fermentation. By adding some information on plant species used for variations it would give it a broader scope. \r\n\r\nIn Luang Namtha province it is common to let the condensate from the distillation column drip through leaves of \'Katoum\' (Rubus spp.), which gives the resulting liquor a green colour. Could you elaborate on this and other variations (such as chillies) in the ms?\r\n\r\nWhat ethnic minority does Mrs. Mo belong to? Is she Tai Dam, Tai Lu, Lao or smt else?\r\n\r\nI have marked some minor changes/comments in the ms.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-12-09 15:25:58',NULL,1),(132,2,256,199,199,160,'[ERA] Article 199','Dear Merlin Franco,\r\n\r\nThank you for choosing ERA to submit your manuscript. Although the manuscript was very interesting keeping in theme with the focus of ERA, you would need to be resubmit it with appropriate revisions . \r\n\r\nThe reviewers have provided some valuable critique and suggestions. Please incorporate them into your changed manuscript and resend it to ERA. \r\n\r\nI have attached the reviews with this email. You can also log on to the ERA website and have a look at the reviews.\r\n\r\nLooking forward to your re-submit.\r\n\r\nThank you.\r\nRegards,\r\nVandana\r\nvandana@hawaii.edu\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\nThis paper brings out some interesting points and is an interesting read. In particular, the evolution of indigenous pharmacopoeia to include new introductions and selective sparring of tree species of cultural, economic and subsistence-based import are notable findings indeed. However, there is little to indicate that this paper reflects an orderly cross-cultural, comparative study. It is more like a disorderly presentation on a few items which the authors found interesting. There is no mention of research protocol, informed consent, or institutional review board approval. And, there is little semblance of organized findings. The authors need to completely overhaul this paper paying careful attention to what they want to report. If they choose to focus on the two most notable themes which emerged from this study, in my view and as mentioned above, then they could present a systematic qualitative analysis of the varied groups and similar practices comparatively. They should also carefully articulate their research protocols and consent/instrument process. As is, this paper should not be accepted, however, I would strongly recommend reworking as above and resubmitting to ER&A with a bit more of a focus on how we could apply the findings.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer C:\r\n• The English is clear even if some sections should be improved within the text\r\n• The paper is relevant even if the scope of the paper was not adequately conceptualized and contextualized; \r\n• The methods are not described; the study is based on qualitative anthropology but even qualitative anthropology is based on tools and methods that should be described in order to allow order people later to reproduce the study.\r\n• No hypothesis was tested and no theory was generated\r\n• Conclusions do not follow from research methods since the details of the methods were not provided by the authors.\r\n• All the citations are relevant\r\n• A critical part of the paper regarding the research methods is missing.\r\n\r\n• The English is clear even if some sections should be improved within the text\r\n• The paper is relevant even if the scope of the paper was not adequately conceptualized and contextualized; \r\n• The methods are not described; the study is based on qualitative anthropology but even qualitative anthropology is based on tools and methods that should be described in order to allow order people later to reproduce the study.\r\n• No hypothesis was tested and no theory was generated\r\n• Conclusions do not follow from research methods since the details of the methods were not provided by the authors.\r\n• All the citations are relevant\r\n• A critical part of the paper regarding the research methods is missing.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-12-09 15:55:58',NULL,1),(133,2,256,197,197,262,'Ethnobotany Research and Applications-197','Dear Grace Ngugi,\r\n\r\nThank you for choosing ERA to submit your manuscript. Although your paper was very interesting, the reviewers have requested that you resubmit the manuscript.\r\nThe reviewers have provided some very valuable suggestions that you may want to incorporate into the paper that you resubmit to ERA.\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\nThis is an interesting study on the important question of how to value non-timber forest resources. The context for the study is well-described; some photos of the landscape and plant collecting would be useful.\r\n\r\nThe paper has two problems:\r\n1. The critique of existing methods of valuation is scattered across the paper, in both introduction and discussion. It needs to be brought together in the introduction, taking care to avoid any repetition. The critique could be shortened considerably.\r\n\r\n2. The methodology of the numeraire (bicycle) is unclear. Why is it better than the conventional approach, asking people to attach a monetary value to a resource? How consistent were the valuations? It would be good to have more detail on this, and in general on the methodology of the study.\r\n\r\nSome further comments are made on the manuscript.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer :\r\nI found this interesting - but think the paper could be considerably tightened. The description of the methodology is a thin - I ended up not absolutely clear what ranking exercises were undertaken and how they translated into bicycles (might become clearer on re-reading yet again, but the info should be easier to come by!). The critique of existing methods and a certain amount of general statements could be removed, allowing more space for the main argument of the paper. If this was done, it seems well worth publishing, both of local and methodological interest.\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-12-10 12:25:14',NULL,1),(134,2,65536,199,199,160,'Article 199','Dear Dr. Will,\r\nI have uploaded the revised version of article 199, titled Relationship between four Tribal Communities and their Natural Resources in the Koraput Region to the ERA website. Please do let me know if there are any further modifications required. Thank you.\r\nRegards\r\nFranco, F.M.\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-12-15 05:42:07',NULL,1),(135,2,65536,230,230,161,'Kam Local Indigenous Knowledge and Sustainable Resource Management in Guizhou and Guangxi','Amy Eisenberg\r\n\r\nDear Will\r\n\r\nI hope this finds you very well. I cleaned up the manuscript a bit more including errors in the Bibliography. I hope this is acceptable.\r\n\r\nPeace and good health this season of light, and always,\r\n\r\nShalom,\r\nAmy\r\n\r\nAmy Eisenberg, Ph.D.\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-12-17 16:28:14',NULL,1),(136,1,4096,263,188,269,'WEED PLANTS IN AND AROUND HYDERABAD AND THEIR USES IN INDIAN SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE','Dear Editor:\r\n\r\nI\'ve now read the paper with interest. In my view it\'s undoubtedly an interesting paper, but the methodology should be more detail and there need some more polishing to make it publishable. \r\n\r\nInformations\' presented here and process of the study make it like a review paper and I think it\'s best suite for a regional journal rather than ERA.\r\n\r\nI\'ve inserted few specific comments in track changes/comments in the attached paper.\r\n\r\nRegards,\r\nSA Mukul','2008-12-19 08:07:13',NULL,0),(137,2,256,274,274,1113,'Revised List of Hawaiian Names of Plants Native and Introduced with Brief Descriptions and','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-12-23 16:21:57',NULL,1),(138,2,256,272,272,1101,'Ethnobotanical Studies on Premna serratifolia L.','Dear Dr. George, \r\n\r\nThank you for the submission of the document titled: Ethnobotanical Studies on Premna serratifolia L. for review in Ethnobotany Research and Applications.\r\n\r\nThe manuscript has not been sent to reviewers and cannot be accepted because it is lacking in several basic elements that are expected from publications in this journal. Please find attached a review article that discusses some of the basic elements that are expected in order for a manuscript to be reviewed.\r\n\r\nShould you decide to complete the manuscript and resubmit it, we would be happy to distribute it for peer review.\r\n\r\nI wish you all the best in your research work, \r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-12-23 17:48:54',NULL,1),(139,2,256,272,272,1101,'Ethnobotanical Studies on Premna serratifolia L.','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-12-23 17:49:15',NULL,1),(140,2,256,271,271,1100,'Traditional use of medicinal plants in Bangladesh to treat urinary tract infections and se','Dear Dr. Mohammed Rahmatullah, \r\n\r\nThank you for submitting your manuscript titled: \"Traditional use of medicinal plants in Bangladesh to treat urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases\" for consideration by Ethnobotany Research and Applications.\r\nThe manuscript is not being distributed to reviewers because it is missing several of the fundamental elements that are expected from articles published in this journal. Among these are 1) a clear research hypothesis or scientific question that drove the research and resulted in an analysis of the results, 2) a clear analysis of the results that leads to some kind of theoretical conclusion about human interactions with plants, and 3) very clear methods such that anyone could read the publication and be able to reproduce the work that was done.\r\n\r\nThe work that has been done appears to be very interesting and I assume that the manuscript can be revised to include the sorts of elements that are needed. Attached is an editorial that was produced to help. I look forward to a resubmission that may be distributed to peer-reviewers.\r\n\r\nThank you and I wish you well in your work, \r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2008-12-23 18:00:54',NULL,1),(141,1,256,273,201,2,'Allium hookerii LIN. A LESSER KNOWN THREATENED TERRESTRIAL PERENNIAL HERB USED FOR ETHNOBO','The idea of the research is actually very interesting. However, there are several fundamental flaws that must be resolved before this should be considered as a publishable work. First, the English is very rough and will need to be reviewed and corrected by a native English speaker. Second, and more important, the research seems to lack a hypothesis or fundamental research question that is driving it. Why did the researchers do this work? It is not clear. While the work praises the value of this plant, for it to be really meaningful it must be compared with the nutritional and other values of more commonly available Allium species. If this species is indeed better than those already in wide cultivation, then the authors have a very interesting point and a good reason to publish. However, if this species is simply similar or less interesting that others, then there is no point. The authors have spent far too much effort praising this plant in a vacuum of information. That must be resolved. The third problem is that the methods used for collection of ethnographic data (interviews and markets) must be made very clear so that anyone reading the paper could easily reproduce the research by knowing who was interviewed, when they were interviewed, how they were selected, what questions were asked, what responses were given, etc. The method and results for the ethnographic information is currently both vague and homogenous looking like a colonial report on uses of plants that was sent back to the mother country. Surely this is not what the authors wish to produce.\r\nThe authors should be encouraged to clean up the paper, adding in missing information, and to find already published sources on the nutritional value of other Allium species so that no additional research needs to be conducted. This data should then be cited and compared side by side as part of the test of an hypothesis that this species actually is of greater value that those already in use elsewhere.','2008-12-23 18:15:34',NULL,1),(142,1,256,270,202,2,'A garden for the gods. Entheogenic plants use and archaeology in the Yungas of Northwest','The content of the manuscript is interesting although more than a bit convoluted in organization. The authors hint at collection of original, modern data, but give no evidence about any methods for collection or evaluation of such information. \r\nThis appears to be a review article and as such is not publishable in ERA since this journal does not publish mere review articles. If however, the authors have actually conducted original research or even meta-data analyses, then these need to be made much more clear so that this manuscript may be considered for publication.','2008-12-23 18:32:38',NULL,1),(143,1,256,266,203,2,'Assessment of indigenous knowledge of medicinal tree species from Southern Melghat region','The manuscript is rather interesting, particularly in that it seeks to do more than simply produce a boring and useless colonial \"list of uses.\" That said, it is still a minimal analysis and not much more than a list of uses. The paper has a minimal value.\r\nThe greatest weakness of the paper, that in fact makes it unpublishable is the lack of clear methods that are reported. How were interview participants identified? How were they interviewed? Be specific, the generic terms used in the methods (semi-structured...) are not clear enough. What questions were specifically asked of each informant and what were their specific answers? What language was used for the interviews? Who did the interviews? How was someone determined to be a \"traditional healer\"? How would you know if someone was not a traditional healer? Plant voucher specimens must have been collected for all species mentioned and these must have been identified by both the traditional healers and botanists. What herbarium were the specimens deposited into? If there are not any specimens then this work is not reproducible and cannot be published in this journal.\r\nFinally, it is commendable that there is a set of recommendations. However, it is not clear at all that the recommendations logically are derived from the results of the research. Recommendations must only come from the research results if this is a scientific paper. If they come from somewhere else, then the paper is political or some other sort of beast and should not be published in this journal.','2008-12-23 18:44:54',NULL,1),(144,4,65536,196,196,260,'Botanical Knowledge of a Group of College Students in South Carolina, U.S.A.','I\'m very impressed that you\'ve worked on this ms over Christmas! I apologize for not having caught my own errors in citations (using & instead of \"and\", using commas instead of semi-colons), and I really like how you fixed the figures to have the word PERCENT along the left-hand side, etc. Great job!\r\n\r\nI find only 3 problems, two I meant to fix before I sent it back in, and one new one.\r\n\r\np. 4, Table 4 my mistake. Can you fix?\r\n1. CHANGE . . . Note: Data computed in consensus analysis through AN-THROPAC 4.0 TO . . . Note: Data computed in consensus analysis through AN-THROPAC 4.0 (Borgatti 1996).\r\n\r\np. 6, Figure 2, your mistake. Title is for Figure 1.\r\n2. CHANGE . . . Figure 1. Percent of students who gave any correct answers vs percent who gave an incorrect answers TO . . . Figure 2. Ranges of correct answers by percent of students.\r\n\r\np. 9, top of right-hand column, my mistake.\r\n3. CHANGE . . . Hunn, E.W. 2002. Evidence for the precocious acquistion TO . . . Hunn, E.S.\r\n\r\nEverything else looks fine to me. Some inconsistencies in whether significant words are capitalized in book titles, but that doesn\'t bother me.\r\n\r\nThanks, let me know what else I need to do.\r\n\r\nBest regards, Gail\r\ncell (803)318-2458','2008-12-26 12:06:08',NULL,0),(145,1,256,275,204,2,'ETHNOMEDICINAL ORCHIDS OF CHOTANAGPUR PLATEAU (JHARKHAND STATE), INDIA.','The manuscript suffers from many problems with basic English and needs to be revised by a native speaker. While there are several problems none are critical and therefore this manuscript should be accepted pending revisions. The following are parts that I recommend be revised...\r\n1. There is no clear hypothesis or purpose upon which this research is based. The authors seem to think that just documenting things is sufficient and yet it is not in any modern branch of science. There is an implied hypothesis that could be clearly stated: Orchids are an unusual medicinal resource that is usually only found from unusual locations. If the point of the research was something else then this needs to be very clearly articulated.\r\n2. The introduction should lead us through background literature on two things: ethnobotany of medicinal orchids and use of rarity indexes to determine conservation value. This should be done on a global and not local scale since the value of the research is really more at the international scale even though it may or may not have a local implication. Use Google Scholar to look up information on medicinal orchids if nothing else is available.\r\n3. The ethnographic methods used need to be clarified. Citing Martin 1995 is insufficient since his book covers dozens of different methods. Be specific about which methods were used. How were informants identified? What language was used for interviews? Who did the interviews? What questions were specifically asked? When and where did the interviews take place (in homes, in gardens, etc.)? What sort of informed-consent process was used in obtaining permission from people to use their information and collect the plants that they use? \r\n4. The statement is made the \"different literature was also consulted...\" Information from the literature should be specifically cited from the literature as it is encountered and should as much as possible not be mixed with the results of the actual research itself. Part of the point of any research project is to compare the results from the literature with those from the interviews. The two almost never agree and this makes for interesting discussion. Table 2 should not have anything from other research publications or else it MUST be very clearly segregated from what was learned in this research. As currently presented it is hard to tell if this project learned anything or if everything was learned from the literature. If it was all from the literature then this paper should not be published in this journal...\r\n5. The discussion is very, very brief given the amount of work that this must have involved. If the authors did not learn more than the few paragraphs listed in the discussion then that is a huge shame. The table content and its meaning/interpretation (not just description!) must be presented. How does this research relate to research done elsewhere in the world on medicinal orchids? Are there any general principles or theories that emerge from this work that the authors can propose? That is why scientists do research. If theories are not being generated, then science was not being done.\r\n6. What language is \"local\" as listed in table 2. This is far too vague. There are supposed to be 30 languages on the plateau. What are those languages? What are the names of these plants in THOSE languages rather than Hindi or other non tribal languages.','2008-12-27 19:15:56',NULL,1),(146,2,512,234,234,1,'Are Our Students Taxonomically Challenged or Not?','Dear Han,\r\n\r\nThank you for a thorough revision of your manuscript, carefully addressing the comments of the reviewers. \r\n\r\nI am pleased to let you know that your paper can no be accepted for publication.\r\n\r\nGreetings,\r\nRainer Bussmann\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-01-01 10:28:42',NULL,1),(147,2,256,230,230,161,'Kam Local Indigenous Knowledge and Sustainable Resource Management in Guizhou and Guangxi ','Dear Amy Eisenberg,\r\n\r\nWe are happy to inform you that your paper has been accepted by the ERA journal for publication, however you will have to resubmit a revised version of your manuscript taking into account the comments and suggestions that the reviewers have provided you with. \r\n\r\nI have attached the reviews with this mail, but you can also log onto ERA website and look at the reviews at www.ethnobotanyjournal.org. \r\n\r\nThank you for choosing ERA. Looking forward to your revised draft.\r\n\r\nRegards,\r\nVandana\r\nvandana@hawaii.edu\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-01-06 16:07:33',NULL,1),(148,1,4096,212,92,2,'MODES OF COMPENSATION IN EXCHANGE FOR INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE: A CASE STUDY OF THE FEDERAL CA','The concept of this paper is a very good one. However, that said, there is a complete lack of literature-based theoretical discussion of the history of this very important issue. This paper should be published but not without a very clear background that provides the framework for readers to understand why it is important work. The one single paper cited as a reference does not seem to appear within the paper at all.\r\nThe methods used are vague at best. For this to be scientifically reproducible the author needs to include the specific questions that were asked, indicate the numbers of people interviewed, how they were interviewed, how they were identified, what form of human subject protocol-informed consent was employed, and what language was used for the interviews. Even the times of the interviews is lacking. \r\nThe author needs to very clearly report the results and then write a discussion of those results. Vaguely mixing the results and discussion together is a way of either hiding information or blurring results and interpretation of results so that others cannot tell the difference between what the informants said and what the researcher wanted them to say. Let the informants speak through the results and let the researcher speak through the discussion. This will improve the quality of the paper.\r\nThis may be published but only after some very clear improvements.','2009-01-09 07:38:40',NULL,1),(149,1,256,226,215,2,'BECOMING A TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL PLANT HEALER: DIVERGENT VIEWS OF PRACTICING AND YOUNG HEA','This is a very well written paper and brings in a global perspective to a local question in India. Very refreshing!\r\nThe methods seem clear.\r\nThe images included are very useful.\r\nThis paper deserves to be published promptly.','2009-01-09 10:39:09',NULL,1),(150,2,256,226,226,419,'BECOMING A TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL PLANT HEALER: DIVERGENT VIEWS OF PRACTICING AND YOUNG HEA','Dear Dr. Shukla, \r\n\r\nAfter trying several more reviewers without success to get a third review, I have considered this myself along with the two earlier reviewers and find that it meets all of the guidelines of ERA and is perfectly acceptable. Attached are some comments by one of the earlier two reviewers. I do not generally agree with this perspective as your inclusion of examples from elsewhere strengthens rather than detracts from this paper. Below are the balance of the comments (not much, I\'m afraid, given the delay) from the reviewers.\r\n\r\nI do not have any additional comments to add but will be forwarding this to one of the copy editors as it is. If you are able to send the images as files that have never been merged within a Word document that would be very helpful since once they are placed within Word, it reformats them and they loose quality. Please feel free to simply send those to me as attachments or to submit them within your journal file as supplements.\r\n\r\nThank you and I apologize for the delay.\r\n\r\nWill \r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer A:\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\nThis is a very well written paper and brings in a global perspective to a local question in India. Very refreshing!\r\nThe methods seem clear.\r\nThe images included are very useful.\r\nThis paper deserves to be published promptly.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-01-09 10:46:10',NULL,1),(151,1,4096,210,84,2,'Structure and YIV Potential of Plant Diversity under Leucaena Canopy with Reference to Med','while the concept behind this work is fine, the execution leaves much to be desired. Results and discussion of results are co-mingled in such a way that it is difficult to tell where the results end and the authors interpretations of results begin. \r\nThere is no indication from the methods that voucher specimens were collected yet plants were identified. This is unacceptable for modern scientific research as it means that there is no permanent evidence to support any published work. \r\nThe authors ASSUME that if a plant is listed as being used to treat an ailment that it must therefore be effective. This is not a valid assumption, yet they make much of it, drawing major conclusions.\r\nThe basic research concept was fine, but it is extrapolated far beyond what the data can actually show.\r\nWithout specimens to back up this work it is unpublishable.','2009-01-09 11:58:05',NULL,1),(152,1,4096,214,94,2,'Ethnomedicinal knowledge on gastric disease by the Mising tribe of North East India','This work is very preliminary. It is not based upon any scientific hypothesis: why were gastrointestinal remedies studied? No scientific basis is developed for the research to have been done in the first place, nor was there a reason given for where it was done. The ethnographic methods are poorly articulated as vague statements that are not acceptable. The botanical methods are fine and include adequate use of voucher specimens.\r\nIt is not clear what one is expected to learn from a study of ONE healer and EIGHT plants! There is no extrapolation or development of theory and certainly no real analysis of the results or examination of the results in light of the larger world. How do these results compare with other places where people use plants for similar problems?\r\nEthnobiologists do not just document things nowadays, but actually work to address real problems. This work needs to do more if it is to be publication worthy.','2009-01-09 12:18:01',NULL,1),(153,1,4096,190,100,2,'MODES OF COMPENSATION IN EXCHANGE FOR INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE: A CASE STUDY OF THE FEDERAL CA','paper already reviewed under a different number','2009-01-09 12:19:19',NULL,1),(154,2,256,266,266,1079,'Assessment of indigenous knowledge of medicinal tree species from Southern Melghat region','Dear Dr. Dhande, Please find attached and below elements of reviews that have been compiled of the manuscript that you have submitted for consideration by Ethnobotany Research and Applications. Based upon the comments received from reviewers, I do not feel that this paper is ready for acceptance and publication in ERA. Should you wish yo address any or all of the reviewers comments then a new manuscript would need to be submitted for a new review process.\r\nI wish you all the best in your work, \r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer A:\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer C:\r\nThe manuscript is rather interesting, particularly in that it seeks to do more than simply produce a boring and useless colonial \"list of uses.\" That said, it is still a minimal analysis and not much more than a list of uses. The paper has a minimal value.\r\nThe greatest weakness of the paper, that in fact makes it unpublishable is the lack of clear methods that are reported. How were interview participants identified? How were they interviewed? Be specific, the generic terms used in the methods (semi-structured...) are not clear enough. What questions were specifically asked of each informant and what were their specific answers? What language was used for the interviews? Who did the interviews? How was someone determined to be a \"traditional healer\"? How would you know if someone was not a traditional healer? Plant voucher specimens must have been collected for all species mentioned and these must have been identified by both the traditional healers and botanists. What herbarium were the specimens deposited into? If there are not any specimens then this work is not reproducible and cannot be published in this journal.\r\nFinally, it is commendable that there is a set of recommendations. However, it is not clear at all that the recommendations logically are derived from the results of the research. Recommendations must only come from the research results if this is a scientific paper. If they come from somewhere else, then the paper is political or some other sort of beast and should not be published in this journal.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-01-09 12:41:02',NULL,1),(155,2,256,190,190,246,'MODES OF COMPENSATION IN EXCHANGE FOR INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE: A CASE STUDY OF THE FEDERAL CA','\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-01-09 12:46:32',NULL,1),(156,2,256,289,289,1122,'ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY-EXPLORING CHALLNGES AND OPPURTUNITIES','Dear Dr. Singh, \r\n\r\nThank you for submitting your manuscript for consideration in Ethnobotany Research and Applications. However, it will not be distributed for peer-review and is being declined because the journal does not publish review articles. furthermore, the manuscript is not written with this journal in mind as far as the style is concerned and this would be obvious to our reviewers.\r\n\r\nShould you wish to submit an article in one of our regular publication categories: research, education, editorial, poetry, photo essay, or travel log, then I would encourage you to do so.\r\n\r\nI wish you all the best in your work, \r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\r\nEthnobotany Research and Applications\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-01-09 12:53:04',NULL,1),(157,2,256,214,214,312,'Ethnomedicinal knowledge on gastric disease by the Mising tribe of North East India','Dear Rajiv Mili,\r\n\r\nWe\'re sorry to say that your article cannot be accepted into the ERA journal. There are some comments and suggestions made by the reviewers. Please have a look at them and maybe resubmit your article if you would like. \r\nThanks for choosing the ERA journal.\r\nRegards,\r\nVandana\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer A:\r\nThis work is very preliminary. It is not based upon any scientific hypothesis: why were gastrointestinal remedies studied? No scientific basis is developed for the research to have been done in the first place, nor was there a reason given for where it was done. The ethnographic methods are poorly articulated as vague statements that are not acceptable. The botanical methods are fine and include adequate use of voucher specimens.\r\nIt is not clear what one is expected to learn from a study of ONE healer and EIGHT plants! There is no extrapolation or development of theory and certainly no real analysis of the results or examination of the results in light of the larger world. How do these results compare with other places where people use plants for similar problems?\r\nEthnobiologists do not just document things nowadays, but actually work to address real problems. This work needs to do more if it is to be publication worthy.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-01-12 19:40:33',NULL,1),(158,1,4096,291,228,34,'QUANTITATIVE ETHNOBOTANY OR QUANTIFICATION IN ETHNOBOTANY?','It is useful to have an update on the status of quantitative ethnobotany, a term coined by Prance et al. 1987. It is true that the methods in those earlier papers were more quantification than quantitative analysis per se. I think the author means to criticize these earliest formulations of quantitative ethnobotany, but he doesn\'t do so explicitly, but rather by way of innuendo. The following sentence, on the last page of the article, does not follow from what preceded it:\r\n\"but the essence of its initial proposal was corrupted by the simplistic idea that it was enough to simply quantify to qualify as rigorous science.\" The term \"corrupted,\" incidentally, looks like a literal translation from Portuguese \"corrompido\" and is simply wrong here. There are a few other instances of an overly personal or colloquial reference in the writing style, which I presume the editors will fix. Apart from that, the writing is pretty good. Anyway, I suggest deletion of this fragment quoted above unless the author explicitly addresses himself to it in the preceding pages. Otherwise, he hasn\'t proven any point, and his tone is poor. It would be nice to see a little about the content of the quantitative approach the author used in the citation on Atlantic Coastal Forest in NE Brazil, also, as presumably some of the improvements to the methodology may have been made in that paper.','2009-01-13 08:10:04','2009-01-13 08:13:06',1),(159,1,4096,291,228,34,'QUANTITATIVE ETHNOBOTANY OR QUANTIFICATION IN ETHNOBOTANY?','Ask for a revise and resubmit.\r\nwlb','2009-01-13 08:10:04',NULL,0),(160,1,4096,291,229,1,'QUANTITATIVE ETHNOBOTANY OR QUANTIFICATION IN ETHNOBOTANY?','Apparently, the many researchers whom the author has worked with have not quite understood about qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Perhaps, it may be more relevant to think about educating those researchers about these often misunderstood methodologies than to propose an abandonment of quantitative methods in ethnobotany. Moreover, the abandonment of the concept will not resolve any of the problems - researchers will still debate about the two methodologies under different names. Also, the issue of conflicting philosophies between the qualitative and quantitative camps was not brought up in the editorial even though that may be the cause of many of the disagreements between the two camps.','2009-01-13 12:21:53',NULL,1),(161,1,4096,291,229,1,'QUANTITATIVE ETHNOBOTANY OR QUANTIFICATION IN ETHNOBOTANY?','Some of the points are superficial at best but I believe the editorial will generate many constructive criticisms.','2009-01-13 12:21:53',NULL,0),(162,2,256,263,263,250,'WEED PLANTS IN AND AROUND HYDERABAD AND THEIR USES IN INDIAN SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE','Dear Pavan Kumar Sangu,\r\n\r\nThe article titled \"WEED PLANTS IN AND AROUND HYDERABAD AND THEIR USES IN INDIAN SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE\" has completed the review process and we regret to inform you that the article has been declined by the Ethnobotany Research and Applications Journal. It lacks a lot of detail in the thesis The methods are not reproducible. Many of the facts and scientific names in the article are invalid and outdated. There are no references cited within the article, although there is a bibliography. Please read the article \"Improving Quality of International Ethnobotany Research and Publications\" by Dr. Will McClatchey for advice on improving research techniques and article writing. This article can be found in volume 4(2006) in the archives section of the Ethnobotany Research and Applications journal. \r\n\r\nThank you for your interest in the Ethnobotany Research and Applications journal. \r\n\r\nLauren Kerr\r\nEthnobotany Research and Applications \r\nEditorial Assistant\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-01-13 14:35:12',NULL,1),(163,2,256,244,244,910,'Effect of Alcoholic Root Extract of Pseudarthria Viscida Linn. in Neonatal Streptozotocin-','Dear Kuppusamy Rajendran,\r\n\r\nWe regret to inform you that the article \"Effect of Alcoholic Root Extract of Pseudarthria Viscida Linn. in Neonatal Streptozotocin-Induced Type II Diabetic Rats\" has been declined by the Ethnobotany Research and Applications journal. While the article is interesting, the content is more suited for another journal. The article only briefly touched on material regarding ethnobotany. The article seems better suited for publication in general pharmacology or biochemistry journals. If you would like us to reconsider, the article would require some major revisions.\r\n\r\nThank you for your interest in the Ethnobotany Research and Applications Journal. \r\n\r\nLauren Kerr\r\nEthnobotany Research and Applications\r\nEditorial assistant\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-01-13 15:19:58',NULL,1),(164,1,4096,291,227,3,'QUANTITATIVE ETHNOBOTANY OR QUANTIFICATION IN ETHNOBOTANY?','A well-written and provocative editorial. It gets my juices flowing.\r\n\r\nI hope that this engages the ethnobotanical research community in a healthy discussion. I predict that this will happen. For example, I have considerable disagreement with much of the substance of what is presented.\r\n\r\nAnd that\'s OK. Let the debate begin!','2009-01-13 16:02:20','2009-01-13 16:02:51',1),(165,1,4096,291,227,3,'QUANTITATIVE ETHNOBOTANY OR QUANTIFICATION IN ETHNOBOTANY?','It is hard to argue with the author\'s premise that the uncritical use of \"counting\" qualifies for an ethnobotanical study being rigorous and \"scientific.\"\r\n\r\nHowever, the range of studies delimited by the author (lines 46-50) present a rather narrow view of the types of studies that fall under the umbrella of a research ethnobotanist. Moreover, the author\'s set of studies does -- rightfully -- cause statistical concern as the quantitative analysis of these studies has been troublesome.\r\n\r\nTo a certain extent, this editorial is tossing the baby out with the bathwater. It focuses on an area (comparing the knowledge of plants held by native and non native groups) in which it is difficult to do a sound statistical comparison, probably because it is hard to generate good hypotheses (versus obvious hypotheses) about the data prior to data collection. Experimental designs for such studies generally don\'t have a control group. There is nothing even remotely \"experimental\" about most of these studies. To use this as an example of the failure of \"quantitative ethnobotany\" is hardly fair.\r\n\r\nI object to the implications of the statement (line 82): \"A quantitatively well-laid out study will never substitute for well-formulated questions and precise research objectives.\"\r\n\r\nIsn\'t the process better characterized as \"Well-formulated questions, based on precise research objectives, are tested with well-laid out studies that use quantitative data to test hypotheses\"?\r\n\r\nI do agree that multivariate analyses are not the answer. They usually lead to \"fishing expeditions\" in which there is a post hoc search for meaning.\r\n\r\nI think that the arguments boil down to whether there is an experimental basis to ethnobotanical research or not. Obviously, ethnobotanists don\'t have the freedom (or time) to do experiments like other disciplines. Instead, they need to look for situations in which comparisons substitute for manipulation. Such an approach forces the use of hypotheses. Otherwise, how were the comparison situations chosen?\r\n\r\nI still believe that hypothesis-driven research is valid. It stands on a different footing as a good descriptive study. These approaches can complement each other and should not be in competition. The author gets to this point at the end (line 110). I\'m just suspicious of the logic in getting there.','2009-01-13 16:02:20',NULL,0),(166,1,4096,178,35,88,'Ethnobotany of the ilama (Annona diversifolia Saff.) in the Tierra Caliente, México','This manuscript seeks to test the impact of anthropogenic activities on the diversity of Annona diversifolia in Mexico. The goal of the manuscript is interesting but it failed to clearly document and discuss the theoretical background of the study which I believe should be about how human related disturbance affects plant morphological and genetic diversity and how local communities could also maintain a level of genetic, morphological or functional diversity within a given species through variation in their management options. \r\n\r\nThe method is sometime confusing and does not seem appropriate to achieve the goal of the study. Multivariate analysis could be used to test if there is a grouping of Ilama individuals’ morphological or functional characteristics according to different levels of human disturbance. However, the variables collected during the interviews in this study do not provide the framework to do such analysis. In addition it is not clear what kind of “diversity” the authors refer to.\r\n\r\nThe results are not well organized and this makes it difficult to understand what each part is trying to test and how that contributes to achieving the goal of testing the impact of human activities on Ilama diversity. By combining the results and the discussion it makes it difficult to identify the axes of discussion in this study. In addition, there has not been a clear discussion using the available literature on the subject.\r\n\r\nCitation and Figures\r\nThere has not been many authors cited; Where authors were cited, the form was not always appropriate (e.g., Gavin, Michael C., 2005 instead of Gavin 2005). The figures captions are in Spanish.\r\n\r\nGeneral comment: The objective of the manuscript is interesting but the description of the method and the way the results are organized does not help understand if the stated goals of the study was achieved. The English need a serious revision.','2009-01-13 19:28:30',NULL,1),(167,1,4096,178,35,88,'Ethnobotany of the ilama (Annona diversifolia Saff.) in the Tierra Caliente, México','The manuscript is very difficult to understand and this is due in part to the quality of the English which need a serious revision. The manuscript is also not well organized and does not make a good use of the literature on the subject. The manuscript as presented is not publishable.','2009-01-13 19:28:30',NULL,0),(168,2,256,291,291,939,'QUANTITATIVE ETHNOBOTANY OR QUANTIFICATION IN ETHNOBOTANY?','Dear Dr. Albuquerque, \r\n\r\nPlease find below three quick reviews from some of our other authors. Please consider this Editorial as accepted pending submission of an ever so slightly revised draft that addresses as many of these reviewer comments as as reasonably possible. Because this is an editorial it is understood that it is your opinion, however, it is still a peer-reviewed document so we do wish to have comment and feed-back input and I hope that you find this helpful.\r\n\r\nI look forward to your reply and am holding the first spot of this year for this editorial. Again, I thank you very much for the timeliness of the submission. I was about to post an editorial of my own but prefer to post yours.\r\n\r\nAll the best, \r\n\r\nWill\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer A:\r\nA well-written and provocative editorial. It gets my juices flowing.\r\n\r\nI hope that this engages the ethnobotanical research community in a healthy discussion. I predict that this will happen. For example, I have considerable disagreement with much of the substance of what is presented.\r\n\r\nAnd that\'s OK. Let the debate begin!\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\nIt is useful to have an update on the status of quantitative ethnobotany, a term coined by Prance et al. 1987. It is true that the methods in those earlier papers were more quantification than quantitative analysis per se. I think the author means to criticize these earliest formulations of quantitative ethnobotany, but he doesn\'t do so explicitly, but rather by way of innuendo. The following sentence, on the last page of the article, does not follow from what preceded it:\r\n\"but the essence of its initial proposal was corrupted by the simplistic idea that it was enough to simply quantify to qualify as rigorous science.\" The term \"corrupted,\" incidentally, looks like a literal translation from Portuguese \"corrompido\" and is simply wrong here. There are a few other instances of an overly personal or colloquial reference in the writing style, which I presume the editors will fix. Apart from that, the writing is pretty good. Anyway, I suggest deletion of this fragment quoted above unless the author explicitly addresses himself to it in the preceding pages. Otherwise, he hasn\'t proven any point, and his tone is poor. It would be nice to see a little about the content of the quantitative approach the author used in the citation on Atlantic Coastal Forest in NE Brazil, also, as presumably some of the improvements to the methodology may have been made in that paper.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer C:\r\nApparently, the many researchers whom the author has worked with have not quite understood about qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Perhaps, it may be more relevant to think about educating those researchers about these often misunderstood methodologies than to propose an abandonment of quantitative methods in ethnobotany. Moreover, the abandonment of the concept will not resolve any of the problems - researchers will still debate about the two methodologies under different names. Also, the issue of conflicting philosophies between the qualitative and quantitative camps was not brought up in the editorial even though that may be the cause of many of the disagreements between the two camps.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-01-14 08:29:36',NULL,1),(169,1,4096,273,216,1,'Allium hookerii LIN. A LESSER KNOWN THREATENED TERRESTRIAL PERENNIAL HERB USED FOR ETHNOBO','Is the authors referring to Allium hookeri Thwaites? I have searched Tropicos and IPNI but could not find Allium hookerii Lin. Is this something new?\r\n\r\nWhere are the scientific hypotheses? If the goal of the paper is merely to introduce the plant that will \"partly help in solving food crisis\", then the authors should consider approaching organizations such as CGIAR to help them in such a noble endeavor. Otherwise, I would expect to see some research questions and hypotheses. As a start, research question such as \"Will Allium hookerii help to solve the current food crisis?\" should help to generate a series of hypotheses that the authors can hopefully address.\r\n\r\nThe authors claimed to have conducted survey and interacted with the local people but nowhere in the manuscript was mentioned about Informed Consent. Was Informed Consent obtained at all, and are herbarium vouchers collected? Also, what kind of interaction was going on? Was it participant observation or something else? What kind of questions were asked in the survey? What was the purpose of the survey? How were the plants collected and stored before analyses? The bottom line is that no one will be able to repeat this experiment simply by reading this paper.\r\n\r\nIn the Results and Discussion, the authors inundated readers with information on how the plant chemicals are beneficial to human health. The information is great but it does not tell us how this particular plant will help solve food crisis. There are allusions but do not expect readers to guess. Are the authors implying that plants containing those chemicals will just do the job? If so, what about other plants that share similar chemical characteristics? Basically, the question is why this particular plant and not other plants? Is it simply because the plant is used in Manipur? What about other factors such as the adaptability of the plant to different climate assuming that the plant will be introduced to other parts of the world.\r\n\r\nThis article is not ready for publication.','2009-01-14 12:47:54',NULL,1),(170,2,256,273,273,1107,'Allium hookerii LIN. A LESSER KNOWN THREATENED TERRESTRIAL PERENNIAL HERB USED FOR ETHNOBO','Dear Ayam Victor Singh,\r\n\r\nWe regret to inform you that your manuscript has been declined submission to the Ethnobotany Research and Applications Journal. \r\nThe reviewers have attached their comments and suggestions that will be valuable to improve and revise your manuscript. \r\nWe hope to receive a revised version of you manuscript sometime.\r\nRegards,\r\nVandana Krishnamurthy\r\nvandana@hawaii.edu\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer A:\r\nThe idea of the research is actually very interesting. However, there are several fundamental flaws that must be resolved before this should be considered as a publishable work. First, the English is very rough and will need to be reviewed and corrected by a native English speaker. Second, and more important, the research seems to lack a hypothesis or fundamental research question that is driving it. Why did the researchers do this work? It is not clear. While the work praises the value of this plant, for it to be really meaningful it must be compared with the nutritional and other values of more commonly available Allium species. If this species is indeed better than those already in wide cultivation, then the authors have a very interesting point and a good reason to publish. However, if this species is simply similar or less interesting that others, then there is no point. The authors have spent far too much effort praising this plant in a vacuum of information. That must be resolved. The third problem is that the methods used for collection of ethnographic data (interviews and markets) must be made very clear so that anyone reading the paper could easily reproduce the research by knowing who was interviewed, when they were interviewed, how they were selected, what questions were asked, what responses were given, etc. The method and results for the ethnographic information is currently both vague and homogenous looking like a colonial report on uses of plants that was sent back to the mother country. Surely this is not what the authors wish to produce.\r\nThe authors should be encouraged to clean up the paper, adding in missing information, and to find already published sources on the nutritional value of other Allium species so that no additional research needs to be conducted. This data should then be cited and compared side by side as part of the test of an hypothesis that this species actually is of greater value that those already in use elsewhere.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\nIs the authors referring to Allium hookeri Thwaites? I have searched Tropicos and IPNI but could not find Allium hookerii Lin. Is this something new?\r\n\r\nWhere are the scientific hypotheses? If the goal of the paper is merely to introduce the plant that will \"partly help in solving food crisis\", then the authors should consider approaching organizations such as CGIAR to help them in such a noble endeavor. Otherwise, I would expect to see some research questions and hypotheses. As a start, research question such as \"Will Allium hookerii help to solve the current food crisis?\" should help to generate a series of hypotheses that the authors can hopefully address.\r\n\r\nThe authors claimed to have conducted survey and interacted with the local people but nowhere in the manuscript was mentioned about Informed Consent. Was Informed Consent obtained at all, and are herbarium vouchers collected? Also, what kind of interaction was going on? Was it participant observation or something else? What kind of questions were asked in the survey? What was the purpose of the survey? How were the plants collected and stored before analyses? The bottom line is that no one will be able to repeat this experiment simply by reading this paper.\r\n\r\nIn the Results and Discussion, the authors inundated readers with information on how the plant chemicals are beneficial to human health. The information is great but it does not tell us how this particular plant will help solve food crisis. There are allusions but do not expect readers to guess. Are the authors implying that plants containing those chemicals will just do the job? If so, what about other plants that share similar chemical characteristics? Basically, the question is why this particular plant and not other plants? Is it simply because the plant is used in Manipur? What about other factors such as the adaptability of the plant to different climate assuming that the plant will be introduced to other parts of the world.\r\n\r\nThis article is not ready for publication.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-01-15 15:18:25',NULL,1),(171,2,65536,291,291,939,'QUANTITATIVE ETHNOBOTANY OR QUANTIFICATION IN ETHNOBOTANY?','Dear Dr. Will,\r\n\r\nThank you very much for quickly reviewing my text. I have made an effort to improve it in a number of areas - especially in terms of the items pointed out by the reviewers. I trust you will once more consider the article in its new form, and I am, of course, open\r\nto making any further corrections that may appear necessary.\r\n\r\nUlysses\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-01-16 06:51:30',NULL,1),(172,1,4096,260,230,1140,'Ethnopteridology in the Mt. Malindang Area, Mindanao, the Philippines','This is an awkwardly written and very unscientific article. It purports to discover if the work of de Winder & Amoroso (2003) is an account of the past and to assess if the literature cited in that work was exhaustive. The paper does not accomplish either goal. Absolutely no methods are presented, thus making it impossible to assess the quality of the results. Exactly what questions were asked? How many people were interviewed? Were voucher specimens collected of the plants described to document exactly which species were being used and discussed? The so-called results that are presented are extremely meager and essentially useless.','2009-01-16 15:37:04',NULL,1),(173,1,4096,260,230,1140,'Ethnopteridology in the Mt. Malindang Area, Mindanao, the Philippines','This is a horrible paper that is too poor to even refer to as bad science because there is absolutely nothing scientific abou it. Reject.','2009-01-16 15:37:04',NULL,0),(174,1,4096,293,246,402,'“Segues” in Botanica: una documentazione fotografica','This MS is well written and gives a wonderful description of this very interesting class. The photographic documentation of the various components of the class is a valuable addition to the article. This article will be of particular use to professors teaching introductory botany classes in Italy - both in secondary education and college. The article is appropriate for publication in ERA. I don\'t see any need for revision of the MS and recommend publication.','2009-01-17 09:49:53',NULL,1),(175,2,256,295,295,1148,'Chokoth an alcoholic product is a traditional drink of Rabha tribes in India.','Dear Monoranjan Chowdhury, \r\n\r\nThank you for submitting your manuscript for consideration by Ethnobotany Research and Applications. The manuscript has been received and quickly reviewed by myself for appropriateness in the journal and in the category selected (research). The document does not meet the minimum standards for consideration in this category in several ways. First, the language used is very rough and needs serious editing. Second, the paper appears to be a \"documentation\" project and in its \"research\" category this journal does not publish simple documentation work but requires that research articles address a scientific question or hypothesis. Third, the methods listed are insufficiently described to be reproducible and are particularly lacking in evidence of ethnographic rigor. And finally the photos submitted are not of acceptable quality for publication. Each one is out of focus, poorly framed, and in most it is difficult to tell why the specific subject was posed in the way that it was. For now this manuscript is being rejected as unacceptable.\r\n\r\nAll of the above said, the subject matter of this manuscript is possibly acceptable for this journal\'s photo essay section. In fact this manuscript is similar to a recent paper that was published, Delang, C. 2008. Keeping the Spirit Alive: Rice whiskey production in Northern Lao. Ethnobotany Research and Applications 6:459-470.\r\nPlease examine this paper and note the quality of the images, and writing. Should you wish to submit a greatly revised manuscript with new photos as a photo essay this could be considered by the photo essay editor.\r\n\r\nThank you and I wish you well in your work, \r\n\r\nWill McClatchey, editor\r\nEthnobotany Research and Applications\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-01-17 10:51:56',NULL,1),(176,2,256,295,295,1148,'Chokoth an alcoholic product is a traditional drink of Rabha tribes in India.','Dear author, this article was apparently uploaded twice.\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-01-17 10:55:48',NULL,1),(177,2,256,210,210,308,'Structure and YIV Potential of Plant Diversity under Leucaena Canopy with Reference to Med','Poonan Mehrotra, \r\n\r\nWe regret to inform you that the article \"Structure and YIV Potential of Plant Diversity under Leucaena Canopy with Reference to Med...\" has been declined by the Ethnobotany Research and Applications journal. For advice on improving research techniques and writing articles, please refer to the editorial titled \"Improving Quality of International Ethnobotany Research and Publications\" by Dr. Will McClatchey in Volume 4 of the Ethnobotany Research and Applications journal. This article can be found in the archives section of http://Ethnobotanyjournal.org . I have attached the peer review of the article that led to our decision. \r\n\r\nThank you for your continued interest in the Ethnobotany Research and Applications journal.\r\n\r\nLauren Kerr\r\nEthnobotany Research and Applications\r\nEditorial Assistant\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer A:\r\nwhile the concept behind this work is fine, the execution leaves much to be desired. Results and discussion of results are co-mingled in such a way that it is difficult to tell where the results end and the authors interpretations of results begin. \r\nThere is no indication from the methods that voucher specimens were collected yet plants were identified. This is unacceptable for modern scientific research as it means that there is no permanent evidence to support any published work. \r\nThe authors ASSUME that if a plant is listed as being used to treat an ailment that it must therefore be effective. This is not a valid assumption, yet they make much of it, drawing major conclusions.\r\nThe basic research concept was fine, but it is extrapolated far beyond what the data can actually show.\r\nWithout specimens to back up this work it is unpublishable.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-01-17 14:18:10',NULL,1),(178,2,256,212,212,310,'MODES OF COMPENSATION IN EXCHANGE FOR INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE: A CASE STUDY OF THE FEDERAL CA','Dear Kunle F. Oluymeisi, \r\n\r\nSome revisions are needed before we can accept your publication for editiing and publication. At times, the line between research and interpretation is very unclear. The article itself is very interesting and this article would definitely benefit from some formatting changes. I included the review that led to this decision to below in this email. \r\n\r\nThank you for your interest in the Ethnobotany Research and Applications journal. \r\n\r\nLauren Kerr \r\nEthnobotany Research and Applications\r\nEditorial Assistant\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer A:\r\nThe concept of this paper is a very good one. However, that said, there is a complete lack of literature-based theoretical discussion of the history of this very important issue. This paper should be published but not without a very clear background that provides the framework for readers to understand why it is important work. The one single paper cited as a reference does not seem to appear within the paper at all.\r\nThe methods used are vague at best. For this to be scientifically reproducible the author needs to include the specific questions that were asked, indicate the numbers of people interviewed, how they were interviewed, how they were identified, what form of human subject protocol-informed consent was employed, and what language was used for the interviews. Even the times of the interviews is lacking. \r\nThe author needs to very clearly report the results and then write a discussion of those results. Vaguely mixing the results and discussion together is a way of either hiding information or blurring results and interpretation of results so that others cannot tell the difference between what the informants said and what the researcher wanted them to say. Let the informants speak through the results and let the researcher speak through the discussion. This will improve the quality of the paper.\r\nThis may be published but only after some very clear improvements.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-01-17 14:40:28',NULL,1),(179,2,256,260,260,1067,'Ethnopteridology in the Mt. Malindang Area, Mindanao, the Philippines','W.P. deWinter,\r\n\r\nWe regret to inform you that the article \"Ethnopteridology in the Mt. Malindang Area, Mindanao, the Philippines\" has been declined for publication by the Ethnobotany Research and Application Journal. The methods are irreproducible and the article has very little cited literature. In this email, I included one of the three reviews of the article. For further advice on improvement in article writing and research techniques, please refer to the editorial titled \"Improving Quality of International Ethnobotany Research and Publications\" by Dr. Will McClatchey. This editorial can be found in volume 4 of the archives section of the http://ethnobotanyjournal.org\r\n\r\nThank you for your interest in the Ethnobotant Research and Applications journal. \r\n\r\nLauren Kerr\r\nEthnobotany Research and Applications\r\nEditorial Assistant\r\n\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer D:\r\nThis is an awkwardly written and very unscientific article. It purports to discover if the work of de Winder & Amoroso (2003) is an account of the past and to assess if the literature cited in that work was exhaustive. The paper does not accomplish either goal. Absolutely no methods are presented, thus making it impossible to assess the quality of the results. Exactly what questions were asked? How many people were interviewed? Were voucher specimens collected of the plants described to document exactly which species were being used and discussed? The so-called results that are presented are extremely meager and essentially useless.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-01-17 14:57:36',NULL,1),(180,2,256,270,270,1099,'A garden for the gods. Entheogenic plants use and archaeology in the Yungas of Northwest','Dear Pablo José Cruz, \r\n\r\nWe regret to inform you that the article \"A garden for the gods. Entheogenic plants use and archaeology in the Yungas of Northwest\" has been declined by the Ethnobotany Research and Applications journal. The methods in the article are vague and irreproducible. It is disorganized and appears to be more of a review rather than actual research. Because of this, it is not publishable by the Ethnobotany Research and Applications journal. For further information on improving research techniques and article writing, please refer to the article titled \"Improving Quality of International Ethnobotany Research and Publications\" by Dr. Will McClatchey in volume 4 of the Ethnobotany Research and Applications journal. This article can be found in the archives section of http://ethnobotanyjournal.org/ I have also attached one of the three reviews that helped us come to this decision. \r\n\r\nThank for your continued interest in the Ethnobotany Research and Applications journal. \r\n\r\nLauren Kerr\r\nEthnobotany Research and Applications\r\nEditorial Assistant\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer C:\r\nThe content of the manuscript is interesting although more than a bit convoluted in organization. The authors hint at collection of original, modern data, but give no evidence about any methods for collection or evaluation of such information. \r\nThis appears to be a review article and as such is not publishable in ERA since this journal does not publish mere review articles. If however, the authors have actually conducted original research or even meta-data analyses, then these need to be made much more clear so that this manuscript may be considered for publication.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-01-17 15:09:12',NULL,1),(181,2,256,267,267,1080,'Shamanic Roots of Religion, Right of Sacrament, and Modern Dilemmas.','Dear Adam Ennes, \r\n\r\nAfter being reviewed by three peers, we regret to inform you that the editorial \"Shamanic Roots of Religion, Right of Sacrament, and Modern Dilemmas.\" has been declined for publication by the Ethnobotany Research and Applications journal. The editorial does not to seem to fall into the scientific realm. Though editorials are mostly opinion based, they still need some degree of scientific fact and cited sources to back up the information given. Many of the points given were unrelated to ethnobotany and inaccurate. I have attached a copy of one of the three reviews. \r\n\r\nThank you for your interest in the Ethnobotany Research and Applications journal.\r\n\r\nLauren Kerr\r\nEthnobotany Research and Applications\r\nEditorial Assistant\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-01-17 15:21:21',NULL,1),(182,1,4096,183,211,217,'Sacred and Cremation Sites of Poraja: Their Conservation and Cultural Importance','The present study looks into the importance of sacred groves and cremation grounds in the conservation of culturally important biodiversity. Since sacred groves are beginning to gain some attention as viable community-based conservation efforts, this reviewer is well aware of their status and import. Though important as well, I have not seen cremation grounds as comprehensively covered in the literature. As this manuscript points out it is a rather unique, important offering in this regard. \r\n\r\nOverall, the manuscript offers a rather interesting consideration and would be of interest to the ERA community. It is offering innovative materials as well. Further, it is fairly well written. However, there are a number of areas which could be improved upon in substance and clarity. I feel these things need be addressed sufficiently to merit scientific publication. \r\n\r\n1) There should be a brief overview of sacred groves and cremation grounds in the introduction which should then carry to the discussion. The overview should consider both the spaces and the plants of the sacred groves and the cremation grounds and how the spaces and the biodiversities therein are important to the culture and folklore of the traditions in the area. \r\n2) Also, eluded to in following sections “village priest” should be developed a bit inclusive of their role in the community in relation to the sacred groves and cremation grounds. This should occur in the introduction/discussion, as is now this is considered in the methodology section. \r\n3) Moving to the Methodology, the villages were selected on the basis of remoteness, proximity to forests as well as the rapport established by IRDWSI. Are they representative culturally of the region (of India)? Are they representative of biodiversity of the region (of India)? How? The answer should be yes, an important consideration given the prospect of community based culture and biodiversity conservation. Informed consent was mentioned, but does IRDWSI convene an Institutional Review Board (IRB) and was the present study granted approval? \r\n4) “As the sacred sites are mostly devoid of ground level flora due to religious activities, the arborescent species alone were studied.” This is an interesting conundrum to the theme of the paper. Is there a way for these spaces to be sustainably cultivated in association with religious activities? Also, this belongs in results and discussion. \r\n5) “trees were identified and their uses were corroborated with the ethnobotanical knowledge documented from the respective villages.” What documented ethnobotanical knowledge? Are these studies published? More importantly, is there a consensus ethnobotany done in the region? If so, then it is to this study which the uses should be corroborated. \r\n6) Also, how were the species identified, since the results are based on conclusive botanical identifications the study needs to document their methodology well. For example, voucher specimens were collected in triplicate, and in minimally invasive fashion, according to standard botanical and ethnobotanical protocol. One copy was deposited in (some recognized herbarium) for identification by experts. One copy was deposited in (local herbarium). Once copy is maintained by the project in their reference collection.\r\n7) Moving on to the results and discussion section, this section should be elaborated upon differently and more comprehensively in relation to a) outside areas (for example, are these 28 species each found outside of the groves/grounds?), and , b) context of the local healing traditions (for example, in conjunction with consensus study). Ideally the study should tether the findings to a consensus study and determine the percent traditional healing species preserved by the groves/grounds. Also, to be truly comprehensive, they might want to develop the uses of the species in standardized format (for example, “use values”, Cook, F., 1995. Economic botany data collection standard, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Kent, UK). This would enable better discussions of these data re community health and wellness and how this might enable biodiversity conservation efforts in the context of public health improvements.\r\n8) There are a number of very interesting statements made in the discussion. These could perhaps be developed: “plants from the cremation grounds are preferred by the native doctors since they are believed to possess higher therapeutic vigour”, “the sacred sites and cremation grounds also yield seven and six of food plants respectively which ensures nutritional security”, “both these sites harbour as many as 19 bird dispersed trees, acting as reservoirs of germplasm”, “moreover, these plants because of their repeated use will remain in the knowledge domain of the community, thus conserving culture” (generational transmission of traditional knowledge). And, perhaps the most interesting, “Though the area of extent of sacred sites is quite less, the fact that the background mountain area is also conserved is noteworthy. The tree diversity of sacred sites and cremation grounds may be the similar. However, the cremation grounds scores high due to the fact that the ground vegetation is not cleared and hence harbor more diversity.” But, score high in what?','2009-01-19 07:00:38',NULL,1),(183,1,4096,183,211,217,'Sacred and Cremation Sites of Poraja: Their Conservation and Cultural Importance','Overall recommendation: accept with substantive edits.','2009-01-19 07:00:38',NULL,0),(184,1,4096,183,264,2,'Sacred and Cremation Sites of Poraja: Their Conservation and Cultural Importance','There is a vast literature in ethnobiology and conservation biology on the use of sacred spaces for conservation, restoration, etc. this is not limited to discussions of sacred groves and has in many cases included burial grounds and other funeral areas such as are described within this paper. The authors advance the claim that this work is in some way ground breaking yet they have failed to survey the literature that is available showing that similar practices are widespread across humanity.\r\nWhile this paper lists several \"references\" they have not been cited within an adequate scientific discussion that builds up to the theoretical framework for discussion of the work that has been done. While it seems likely that the work that was done is adequate, it is quite apparent that the authors are either unaware of, or have failed to place the work within the larger context of research of this kind.\r\nThe authors have noted the species present within the sacred grounds and have then proceeded to make several logical leaps that are not logical. Scientific names are listed without any indication that voucher specimens have been prepared. Had the researchers read the literature about other sacred spaces in other parts of the world, then they would know that there are effective ways to deal with this, such as collection of vouchers of the same plants from non-sacred spaces, but identified as the same by the same informants, or collection by priests or others with permission to make such collections, or other ways to make such prohibited collections culturally and scientifically acceptable. Without voucher specimens the work is just speculation and non-publishable. The work also lists uses for the plants yet there is no evidence of interviews with people to record this information. The information is doubtless from either the authors common knowledge or from other sources, but none of this is cited, nor would it be meaningful for what these plants really mean since they are not actually useful for most of these purposes while they are functioning within sacred spaces. Instead the authors should spend the energy of the table to discuss the roles of the trees within the sacred spaces as discussed by people they have interviewed who actually use the spaces. While the spaces seem to be home to species that are not outside of the spaces, there is actually not any \"measure\" of inside verses outside space so we have no way of knowing what either one means. Does inside mean that these plants are ONLY found within these particular sacred spaces and not anywhere else in all of the world? That may seem silly, but that is the implication of the statement. The authors need to use a good ecological measure of inside verses outside space and what is inside and outside. Samples of forests that are selected for similar conditions so that they are paired would provide interesting comparisons and yield results that would be potentially scientifically meaningful. The same comments can be made about the birds and any other information. Data must be compared in pairs in order for there to be meaningful comparisons between within and without...','2009-01-20 16:43:53',NULL,1),(185,1,4096,294,238,6,'Ethnoecological Gradients and Patches for the Conservation of Woody Plant Diversity at Mt.','This is an interesting paper of local significance. It does however not\r\npresent a lot of new data. It is not particularly surprising that tree density / basal area is\r\nincreasing with elevation, because the higher elevations are just the areas where forest is left. It is\r\nalso not surprising that species richness is declining with altitude - this is well known. It is also\r\nnot new that species diversity is highest under disturbance. The methodology is flawless, but the\r\nanalysis does not go much beyond what is already published. Figures 1, 3 and 8 are not particular\r\nmeaningful, especially the profile in figure 1. Figure 2 attempts to give the location of the\r\nvillages and plots, but the location of the villages is not clear enough. Figure 7 shows that plants\r\nwith uses are mostly close to the villages - but one does not need another figure for that, because\r\nit is clear from the text. The text itself is more of an introduction to ethnoecology, and could be shortened. The results represent mostly ecological data, with a comparatively small section that falls within the scope of ERA. An ethnobotanical focus should not only take the woody plants, but all useful species into account. This\r\nwould give the paper much more breath, and including herbs would make the study more\r\nmeaningful. However, after addressing the above issues w/figures etc. the paper would be publishable.','2009-01-21 07:19:34','2009-01-21 07:22:03',1),(187,2,256,183,183,160,'Sacred and Cremation Sites of Poraja: Their Conservation and Cultural Importance','Merlin Franco, \r\n\r\nWe regret to inform you that the article \"Sacred and Cremation Sites of Poraja: Their Conservation and Cultural Importance\" has been declined for publication by the Ethnobotany Research and Applications journal. Although the article was interesting, it lacked many necessary features such as voucher specimens and appropriate references. I attached the reviews of the article to help guide you in the future. For more advice please refer to the editorial titled \"Improving Quality of International Ethnobotany Research and Publications\" in volume four of the Ethnobotany Research and Applications journal. This article can be found in the archives section of http://ethnobotanyjournal.org/ \r\n\r\nThank you for your interest in the Ethnobotany Research and Applications journal. \r\n\r\nSincerely, \r\nLauren Kerr\r\nEthnobotany Research and Applications\r\nEditorial Assistant\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\nThe present study looks into the importance of sacred groves and cremation grounds in the conservation of culturally important biodiversity. Since sacred groves are beginning to gain some attention as viable community-based conservation efforts, this reviewer is well aware of their status and import. Though important as well, I have not seen cremation grounds as comprehensively covered in the literature. As this manuscript points out it is a rather unique, important offering in this regard. \r\n\r\nOverall, the manuscript offers a rather interesting consideration and would be of interest to the ERA community. It is offering innovative materials as well. Further, it is fairly well written. However, there are a number of areas which could be improved upon in substance and clarity. I feel these things need be addressed sufficiently to merit scientific publication. \r\n\r\n1) There should be a brief overview of sacred groves and cremation grounds in the introduction which should then carry to the discussion. The overview should consider both the spaces and the plants of the sacred groves and the cremation grounds and how the spaces and the biodiversities therein are important to the culture and folklore of the traditions in the area. \r\n2) Also, eluded to in following sections “village priest” should be developed a bit inclusive of their role in the community in relation to the sacred groves and cremation grounds. This should occur in the introduction/discussion, as is now this is considered in the methodology section. \r\n3) Moving to the Methodology, the villages were selected on the basis of remoteness, proximity to forests as well as the rapport established by IRDWSI. Are they representative culturally of the region (of India)? Are they representative of biodiversity of the region (of India)? How? The answer should be yes, an important consideration given the prospect of community based culture and biodiversity conservation. Informed consent was mentioned, but does IRDWSI convene an Institutional Review Board (IRB) and was the present study granted approval? \r\n4) “As the sacred sites are mostly devoid of ground level flora due to religious activities, the arborescent species alone were studied.” This is an interesting conundrum to the theme of the paper. Is there a way for these spaces to be sustainably cultivated in association with religious activities? Also, this belongs in results and discussion. \r\n5) “trees were identified and their uses were corroborated with the ethnobotanical knowledge documented from the respective villages.” What documented ethnobotanical knowledge? Are these studies published? More importantly, is there a consensus ethnobotany done in the region? If so, then it is to this study which the uses should be corroborated. \r\n6) Also, how were the species identified, since the results are based on conclusive botanical identifications the study needs to document their methodology well. For example, voucher specimens were collected in triplicate, and in minimally invasive fashion, according to standard botanical and ethnobotanical protocol. One copy was deposited in (some recognized herbarium) for identification by experts. One copy was deposited in (local herbarium). Once copy is maintained by the project in their reference collection.\r\n7) Moving on to the results and discussion section, this section should be elaborated upon differently and more comprehensively in relation to a) outside areas (for example, are these 28 species each found outside of the groves/grounds?), and , b) context of the local healing traditions (for example, in conjunction with consensus study). Ideally the study should tether the findings to a consensus study and determine the percent traditional healing species preserved by the groves/grounds. Also, to be truly comprehensive, they might want to develop the uses of the species in standardized format (for example, “use values”, Cook, F., 1995. Economic botany data collection standard, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Kent, UK). This would enable better discussions of these data re community health and wellness and how this might enable biodiversity conservation efforts in the context of public health improvements.\r\n8) There are a number of very interesting statements made in the discussion. These could perhaps be developed: “plants from the cremation grounds are preferred by the native doctors since they are believed to possess higher therapeutic vigour”, “the sacred sites and cremation grounds also yield seven and six of food plants respectively which ensures nutritional security”, “both these sites harbour as many as 19 bird dispersed trees, acting as reservoirs of germplasm”, “moreover, these plants because of their repeated use will remain in the knowledge domain of the community, thus conserving culture” (generational transmission of traditional knowledge). And, perhaps the most interesting, “Though the area of extent of sacred sites is quite less, the fact that the background mountain area is also conserved is noteworthy. The tree diversity of sacred sites and cremation grounds may be the similar. However, the cremation grounds scores high due to the fact that the ground vegetation is not cleared and hence harbor more diversity.” But, score high in what?\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer C:\r\nThere is a vast literature in ethnobiology and conservation biology on the use of sacred spaces for conservation, restoration, etc. this is not limited to discussions of sacred groves and has in many cases included burial grounds and other funeral areas such as are described within this paper. The authors advance the claim that this work is in some way ground breaking yet they have failed to survey the literature that is available showing that similar practices are widespread across humanity.\r\nWhile this paper lists several \"references\" they have not been cited within an adequate scientific discussion that builds up to the theoretical framework for discussion of the work that has been done. While it seems likely that the work that was done is adequate, it is quite apparent that the authors are either unaware of, or have failed to place the work within the larger context of research of this kind.\r\nThe authors have noted the species present within the sacred grounds and have then proceeded to make several logical leaps that are not logical. Scientific names are listed without any indication that voucher specimens have been prepared. Had the researchers read the literature about other sacred spaces in other parts of the world, then they would know that there are effective ways to deal with this, such as collection of vouchers of the same plants from non-sacred spaces, but identified as the same by the same informants, or collection by priests or others with permission to make such collections, or other ways to make such prohibited collections culturally and scientifically acceptable. Without voucher specimens the work is just speculation and non-publishable. The work also lists uses for the plants yet there is no evidence of interviews with people to record this information. The information is doubtless from either the authors common knowledge or from other sources, but none of this is cited, nor would it be meaningful for what these plants really mean since they are not actually useful for most of these purposes while they are functioning within sacred spaces. Instead the authors should spend the energy of the table to discuss the roles of the trees within the sacred spaces as discussed by people they have interviewed who actually use the spaces. While the spaces seem to be home to species that are not outside of the spaces, there is actually not any \"measure\" of inside verses outside space so we have no way of knowing what either one means. Does inside mean that these plants are ONLY found within these particular sacred spaces and not anywhere else in all of the world? That may seem silly, but that is the implication of the statement. The authors need to use a good ecological measure of inside verses outside space and what is inside and outside. Samples of forests that are selected for similar conditions so that they are paired would provide interesting comparisons and yield results that would be potentially scientifically meaningful. The same comments can be made about the birds and any other information. Data must be compared in pairs in order for there to be meaningful comparisons between within and without...\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-01-21 15:03:30',NULL,1),(188,1,4096,279,251,1153,'Ethnobotany of the Genus Artemisia L. (Asteraceae) in Pakistan','The efforts be appreciated, but I have following reservation for publishing article as such:\r\n1) The authors have very brief methodology and have referred articles that are not in internationally reviewed journals. Therefore, they have to reproduce the detail methodology.\r\n2) They have mentioned that they used some kind of questioner which is not produced. Moreover, they have given uses of plants which are probably from published papers, otherwise they have to explain the area where such plants are used.\r\n3) The Pakistani literature cited is outdated, some related article of last five years be cited.\r\n4) There are some minor spell mistakes that be corrected.\r\n5) The article may be modified and resubmitted.','2009-01-21 20:17:23',NULL,1),(189,1,4096,293,245,761,'“Segues” in Botanica: una documentazione fotografica','The article is interesting, but the huge problem I see is that no results or real discussion on the experiment have been reported. A photographic documentation is surely important, but it does not mean anything in itself, unless this is put into a serious context/discourse on visual ethnobiology/anthropology.\r\nI suggest therefore the editors to reject the article.','2009-01-25 02:41:09',NULL,1),(190,1,4096,292,242,916,'Botany Segue: A Photo Essay','Review of ERA article submission # 292-1229 (Savo et. al)\r\nComments for the authors:\r\n\r\nThis article appears to fit well with the theme and intention of ERA. The concept of the photo essay is an appropriate way to describe the Botany Segue study from a methodological orientation, in conjunction with the publication of the Lau et al. (2009) article which presumably provides greater detail of information regarding the actual findings of the study. \r\n\r\nI recommend this paper for publication in ERA with the following suggestions taken into account:\r\n\r\nIt would be good to have a discussion of “study limitations” before the conclusion addressing the potential subjectivity of the photo essay approach and what measures were taken to be as objective as possible.\r\n\r\nAlso please address these suggestions based on the line numbers I have inserted into the attached paper draft:\r\n\r\nLine 15 Check verb tense: “have been” should be “were”\r\n\r\nLine 16 “previously known” should be placed between “use of” and “common names”\r\n\r\nLine 27 Were ALL of the students non-science majors? If not, this should be clarified. All consider if there were any ethnobotany majors taking part in the exercise and if you consider them science majors.\r\n\r\nLine 80 Were all specimens wild collected?\r\n\r\nLine 95 Insert “the” before “classroom env” and “a” before “positive”\r\n\r\nLine 218 Remove “s” from “plants.” Is there a photo from the Fall 2007 semester you can include for comparison?\r\n\r\nLine 369 Add “s” to “become”\r\n\r\nLine 565 Might there have been anyone else involved in the study who were not co-authors but should be considered for acknowledgment?','2009-01-25 14:47:38','2009-01-25 14:48:09',1),(191,1,4096,292,242,916,'Botany Segue: A Photo Essay','Review of ERA article submission # 292-1229 (Savo et. al)\r\nComments to the editor:\r\n\r\na)Does this paper contribute something new to the science of ethnobotany and meet the criteria listed above?\r\nYes, I believe that the photo essay format is a useful and under-utilized way to convey methods for this type of study, and it is beneficial to explore this technique of conveying information. In the case of this specific work, I believe the photo essay may assist other researchers to replicate the study sufficiently to allow a beneficial cross-study comparison.\r\n\r\nb)Would this paper be appealing to a broad range of ethnobotanists?\r\nYes, the structure of the paper itself should be of broad appeal to a wide range of ethnobotanists who could benefit from considering the photo essay format as a tool to convey their own work. Also, because many ethnobotanists teach introductory ethnobotany classes at some point in their career, this article provides useful information for replicating a useful class exercise.\r\n\r\nc)If the paper has some serious flaw, is there anything about the authors, the topic, or other criteria that should encourage the editor to pursue improvements and publication?\r\nI did not perceive any serious flaws in this paper which should impede its publication. There are several minor changes which I recommend should be made and are attached for the editor(s) and authors to consider. I would like to see a discussion of “study limitations” before the conclusion addressing the potential subjectivity of the photo essay approach and what measures were taken to be as objective as possible. It would also have been good to have been able to read the companion article by Lau et al. referenced by this work which seems to be in press but is not yet published(?). \r\n\r\nd)Please provide any additional constructive comments that you have for the author(s).\r\nPlease see the field above.','2009-01-25 14:47:38','2009-01-25 14:48:42',0),(192,1,4096,178,267,145,'Ethnobotany of the ilama (Annona diversifolia Saff.) in the Tierra Caliente, México','Reviewers Appraisal: Please address the following questions in an e-mail to the editor. Responses to author(s) will be confidential not including your name.\r\na)Does this paper contribute something new to the science of ethnobotany and meet the criteria listed above?\r\n• Yes, The authors conduct a study about the ilama, a lesser known, underutilized non-timber forest product. The purpose of the study is to link species diversity with socioeconomic and ecological factors, which according to the authors will \'induce the in situ conservation\' of the ilama. The authors use multivariate methods of analysis to explore the links, and support the links with qualitative data provided in the results.\r\nb)Would this paper be appealing to a broad range of ethnobotanists?\r\n Yes\r\nc)If the paper has some serious flaw, is there anything about the authors, the topic, or other criteria that should encourage the editor to pursue improvements and publication?\r\n• The paper was submitted in English, but obviously, English is not the first language of the authors--there are both spelling, grammatical, and idiomatic errors abound, much too many to list. This makes it difficult to give meaningful suggestions, especially since the errors are paramount in the in the authors explanation of the purpose of the study. Authors need to find a professional translation service if they expect to publish in English. \r\n• The subject is interesting and seemingly timely, but the authors do not do an adequate job providing evidence or references as to why attention to this subject will lead to better conservation, as they claim. Some of this comes out in the results and discussion section (for example, a better description of the range of the ilama is given here), but this should be in the introduction. Nor to they provide references to previous work which lead to any ideas or hypotheses on what the expected results might be. In other words, we get only a true idea of the purpose and direction of this paper later in the paper, and this should be up front. \r\n• Methods are described in partial detail. More attention should be given to the differences among the communities in the region of study. This is a case study, and they do not acknowledge this very well in their methods. I think a better explanation of statistical approaches is needed in the methods section.\r\n• Figures and tables are not used adequately. For example, figures 10 and 11 (photos) are unnecessary, since they do not convey much in terms of interesting information. I would rather see pictures of cross sections of the different varieties of ilama, or a map of the relative position of the case study communities. Table 1 could be combined with Table 3 so as to include more demographic information, including household#, total population, average income, relative dependance on ilama for subsistencè or income, or any indicator for harvesting pressure. Maybe combine with table 3? hi type of table should contrast and compare the communities in terms of socio-economic and environmental differences, which are expected to have some impacts on the results of this study.\r\n• Table 2 can be appended, unless more information is provided, such as community responses to questions.\r\n• Data is not very well organized. Reader does not get an accurate idea of what the important factors are in the analysis. \r\n• References in text should be provided in a uniform way. See references to Gary Martin and to Ana Maria, which are for example. \r\nd) Please provide any additional constructive comments that you have for the author(s).\r\nI would suggest to the authors to make sure they use wisely the space provided to them. Figures can be combined so as to allow for better comparison. Photos included should convey important information. The manuscript is poorly organized. Several sections, like the one titled “Information collected” may be better placed in the methods section. The section “ethnobotany of the ilama” not only reads incompletely, but is in the wrong place. I suggest that the readers use other publications in this journal as a guide on how to structure their paper.','2009-01-26 23:30:25',NULL,1),(193,1,4096,178,267,145,'Ethnobotany of the ilama (Annona diversifolia Saff.) in the Tierra Caliente, México','I would not accept this paper as is. Although interesting and timely, the paper is poorly written. This may have a lot to do with difficulties in writing English, but also the paper is poorly organized. The statistical approach is an interesting one, but I think that the results they come to (which are not listed very clearly) could possibly (and more interestingly) have been extracted from more qualitative/narrative data.\r\n\r\nMy suggestion would be to reject this manuscript, but welcome the authors to overhaul the paper with the help of professional translators, and resubmit as a separate, new submission.','2009-01-26 23:30:25',NULL,0),(194,2,256,178,178,208,'Ethnobotany of the ilama (Annona diversifolia Saff.) in the Tierra Caliente, México','Dear Sergio Segura\r\n\r\nThank you very much for your submission \"Ethnobotany of the ilama (Annona diversifolia Saff.) in theTierra Caliente, Mexico,\" we apologize for the long delay in our review process. Unfortunately, based on the advice of our reviewers, we are declining your manuscript for publication in ERA. Both reviewers agree that this is a very interesting paper with potential, but that there are some important issues that need addressing before the paper can be considered for publication. The two reviewers provide some good suggestions on how the paper can be strengthened - these include providing more theoretical background, clearer methods and potentially additional analyses, better use of figures and tables, more references, and improving the overall organization of the manuscript. Both reviewers also comment on the need to get the help of a professional translator. \r\n\r\n We encourage you to carefully consider the reviewers\' comments and if you are willing to address them, to submit a new manuscript for consideration. It would then need to go through the full review process again (however please note that our review process is usually much shorter than it was in this case, due to problems we had with getting the reviews). \r\n\r\nThanks very much for sharing your work, and good luck with your research efforts.\r\n\r\nThe reviews have been attached for your reference.\r\n\r\nThank you.\r\nRegards,\r\nVandana Krishnamurthy\r\nvandana@hawaii.edu\r\n\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer A:\r\nThis manuscript seeks to test the impact of anthropogenic activities on the diversity of Annona diversifolia in Mexico. The goal of the manuscript is interesting but it failed to clearly document and discuss the theoretical background of the study which I believe should be about how human related disturbance affects plant morphological and genetic diversity and how local communities could also maintain a level of genetic, morphological or functional diversity within a given species through variation in their management options. \r\n\r\nThe method is sometime confusing and does not seem appropriate to achieve the goal of the study. Multivariate analysis could be used to test if there is a grouping of Ilama individuals’ morphological or functional characteristics according to different levels of human disturbance. However, the variables collected during the interviews in this study do not provide the framework to do such analysis. In addition it is not clear what kind of “diversity” the authors refer to.\r\n\r\nThe results are not well organized and this makes it difficult to understand what each part is trying to test and how that contributes to achieving the goal of testing the impact of human activities on Ilama diversity. By combining the results and the discussion it makes it difficult to identify the axes of discussion in this study. In addition, there has not been a clear discussion using the available literature on the subject.\r\n\r\nCitation and Figures\r\nThere has not been many authors cited; Where authors were cited, the form was not always appropriate (e.g., Gavin, Michael C., 2005 instead of Gavin 2005). The figures captions are in Spanish.\r\n\r\nGeneral comment: The objective of the manuscript is interesting but the description of the method and the way the results are organized does not help understand if the stated goals of the study was achieved. The English need a serious revision.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\nReviewers Appraisal: Please address the following questions in an e-mail to the editor. Responses to author(s) will be confidential not including your name.\r\na)Does this paper contribute something new to the science of ethnobotany and meet the criteria listed above?\r\n• Yes, The authors conduct a study about the ilama, a lesser known, underutilized non-timber forest product. The purpose of the study is to link species diversity with socioeconomic and ecological factors, which according to the authors will \'induce the in situ conservation\' of the ilama. The authors use multivariate methods of analysis to explore the links, and support the links with qualitative data provided in the results.\r\nb)Would this paper be appealing to a broad range of ethnobotanists?\r\n Yes\r\nc)If the paper has some serious flaw, is there anything about the authors, the topic, or other criteria that should encourage the editor to pursue improvements and publication?\r\n• The paper was submitted in English, but obviously, English is not the first language of the authors--there are both spelling, grammatical, and idiomatic errors abound, much too many to list. This makes it difficult to give meaningful suggestions, especially since the errors are paramount in the in the authors explanation of the purpose of the study. Authors need to find a professional translation service if they expect to publish in English. \r\n• The subject is interesting and seemingly timely, but the authors do not do an adequate job providing evidence or references as to why attention to this subject will lead to better conservation, as they claim. Some of this comes out in the results and discussion section (for example, a better description of the range of the ilama is given here), but this should be in the introduction. Nor to they provide references to previous work which lead to any ideas or hypotheses on what the expected results might be. In other words, we get only a true idea of the purpose and direction of this paper later in the paper, and this should be up front. \r\n• Methods are described in partial detail. More attention should be given to the differences among the communities in the region of study. This is a case study, and they do not acknowledge this very well in their methods. I think a better explanation of statistical approaches is needed in the methods section.\r\n• Figures and tables are not used adequately. For example, figures 10 and 11 (photos) are unnecessary, since they do not convey much in terms of interesting information. I would rather see pictures of cross sections of the different varieties of ilama, or a map of the relative position of the case study communities. Table 1 could be combined with Table 3 so as to include more demographic information, including household#, total population, average income, relative dependance on ilama for subsistencè or income, or any indicator for harvesting pressure. Maybe combine with table 3? hi type of table should contrast and compare the communities in terms of socio-economic and environmental differences, which are expected to have some impacts on the results of this study.\r\n• Table 2 can be appended, unless more information is provided, such as community responses to questions.\r\n• Data is not very well organized. Reader does not get an accurate idea of what the important factors are in the analysis. \r\n• References in text should be provided in a uniform way. See references to Gary Martin and to Ana Maria, which are for example. \r\nd) Please provide any additional constructive comments that you have for the author(s).\r\nI would suggest to the authors to make sure they use wisely the space provided to them. Figures can be combined so as to allow for better comparison. Photos included should convey important information. The manuscript is poorly organized. Several sections, like the one titled “Information collected” may be better placed in the methods section. The section “ethnobotany of the ilama” not only reads incompletely, but is in the wrong place. I suggest that the readers use other publications in this journal as a guide on how to structure their paper.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-01-28 00:20:46',NULL,1),(195,1,4096,210,221,991,'Structure and YIV Potential of Plant Diversity under Leucaena Canopy with Reference to Med','The main point of the paper is to make a recommendation about where to encourage plantations of Leucaena, but it would need serious reframing in order to make this point in a way that is easily followed by readers. \r\n\r\nThere is significant editorial work to be done to bring this manuscript to publishable quality in English. The manuscript contains very little contextualizing of the research aims, hypotheses, or conclusions. More details about why the TIV is an important contribution in this location are needed. Although the authors should be congratulated for attempting a multi ecological zone comparative study, we never get a sense of why this choice is important to understanding the ways various residents in Jhansi, India use the particular species described as being present in each plot (other than a very broad description of general uses wherever the species is found). \r\n\r\nThe social component is virtually absent from consideration. What role do residents play in the abundance of Leucaena canopy and the associated plant diversity, including medicinal and other useful plants? The authors do not explain in sufficient detail the method they used \"TIV\" or total importance value, so as to allow the reader to interpret the results. Extensive charts and presentation of data and supporting documents are not mentioned in the text, so it is unclear where they support the argument, and why it is significant. Each chart should be referenced in the article itself. There needs to be a great deal more interpretation of data instead of presentation of facts acquired.','2009-01-30 14:05:48',NULL,1),(196,1,4096,210,221,991,'Structure and YIV Potential of Plant Diversity under Leucaena Canopy with Reference to Med','a)Does this paper contribute something new to the science of ethnobotany and meet the criteria listed above?\r\n\r\nAs this is my first review for your journal, please keep that in mind as I relate my assessment. The brief answer to this question is that it does not, in its current form, meet the criteria for a good manuscript for this journal. The manuscript is not very well written, there is significant editorial work to be done to bring it to publishable quality. Even if those errors were fixed, the key problem with this manuscript is that is contains very little contextualizing of the research aims, hypotheses, or conclusions. Although the authors should be congratulated for attempting a multi ecological zone comparative study, we never get a sense of why this choice is important to understanding the ways various residents in Jhansi, India use the particular species described as being present in each plot (other than a very broad description of general uses wherever the species is found). The social component is virtually absent from consideration. What role do residents play in the abundance of Leucaena canopy and the associated plant diversity, including medicinal and other useful plants? The authors do not explain in sufficient detail the method they used \"TIV\" or total importance value, so as to allow the reader to interpret the results. Extensive charts and presentation of data and supporting documents are not mentioned in the text, so it is unclear where they support the argument, and why it is significant. There needs to be a great deal more interpretation of data instead of presentation of facts acquired.\r\n\r\nb)Would this paper be appealing to a broad range of ethnobotanists?\r\nIf significantly revised, the main point of the paper is to make a recommendation about where to encourage plantations of Leucaena, but it would need serious reframing in order to make this point in a way so as to be useful to your readers.\r\n\r\nc)If the paper has some serious flaw, is there anything about the authors, the topic, or other criteria that should encourage the editor to pursue improvements and publication?\r\nI would recommend either significant revision, or rejection of this manuscript. \r\n\r\nd)Please provide any additional constructive comments that you have for the author(s). See above, comments for author and editor.\r\n\r\nThank you.','2009-01-30 14:05:48',NULL,0),(197,1,4096,294,237,85,'Ethnoecological Gradients and Patches for the Conservation of Woody Plant Diversity at Mt.','This paper presents interesting data of undoubted value for local conservation purposes. However, I am not convinced that the paper addresses the subject of ethnoecology at all. You have demonstrated that species diversity varies across the landscape, and that certain areas containing more plants perceived as useful are more heavily exploited. However, to me \"ethnoecology\" would refer to explorations of local people\'s understanding of local plant communities\' nature, function, or variation or practices intended to affect the composition of those communities. Just the fact that people know more uses for plants in a certain area does not, to me, constitute ethnoecology, rather ethnobotany. Moreover, I am at a loss to know what an \"ethnoecological gradient\" (from the title) or \"ethnoecological [plant] diversity\" (from the concluding paragraph) might be. I suggest that these terms be either deleted or rigorously explained.\r\n\r\nI would like to see basic data on the average number and the range of total woody species and useful species in single plots from each habitat type. In the results, you first give the maximums for farm and home sites; below, under \"resource gradients,\" you mention that woodland plots have 4-32 useful plants with 10-155 uses. Granted, one can get an idea of these numbers from studying the scatter plots, but if you are going to emphasize some of your figures in the text, it would be nice to make them all available in written form.\r\n\r\nI believe that Figures 3 and 8 do not convey much information and should be omitted to save space. A couple of the first figures appear to me to be identical to figures published in one of your previous papers that I\'ve seen; if that\'s so, you ought to cite the sources of those figures (e.g., \"after Medley et al. 2007. \" It\'s possible that you also need to obtain the original journal publisher\'s permission to re-use the figure (if so, their agreement should be mentioned in the acknowledgements). Copyright laws and journal policies are often unfair to researchers, so you need to be certain that you do have the right to re-use figures.\r\n\r\nIn the results section, you refer to Figures 8 and 9 when you intend, respectively, Figures 7 and 8. If you are going to include Fig. 7, you should emphasize its potential value more. You give one of your two questions as \"can resource patches be identified that prioritize plant conservation...?\". The meaning of \"prioritize\" here should be clarified. Do you mean to identify sites that are most deserving of protection because they are the most valuable to local people, or because you feel that increased utility to humans makes them more threatened? Anyway, you appear to have identified areas of particular value, a finding that should be more strongly emphasized.\r\n\r\nThe paper contains some instances of awkward language; it should be reread for style. In particular, please check the spellings of scientific names. I note a number of errors, including \"Commipora\" in one place for Commiphora, \"Euophorbia,\" \"Zanthoxyllum.\"','2009-02-02 08:46:47',NULL,1),(199,1,4096,294,237,85,'Ethnoecological Gradients and Patches for the Conservation of Woody Plant Diversity at Mt.','If this is the same manuscript I\'ve reviewed before by these authors (not sure, as they have generated a few), they seem to have improved it. I\'d say that it is worthy of publication, though it has some dubious points that ought to be corrected first. It may be of limited general interest by itself; however, it provides a useful complement to several other ecological and ethnobotanical studies from the same region (which, as the authors note, have shown variation in similar measures).','2009-02-02 08:49:50',NULL,0),(200,1,4096,283,257,1100,'Ethnobotanical evaluation of Some plant resources ,observation from the northern parts of ','Overall, the paper is too long, repetitive, without adequate references, and full of grammatical and spelling/typing errors. It can very easily be shortened and the various problems rectified prior to consideration for publication. In the present form, the paper is not suitable for publication in the Journal. More specifically, some of the problems with the paper are given below.\r\n\r\nAbstract\r\nThe number of plant species mentioned in different parts of the abstract does not match up. For instance it is mentioned “the study revealed 216”, whereas it is again mentioned in the abstract “they were classified as 153 herbs, 37 trees, 26 shrubs, 4 climbers”, i.e. a total of 220. In another portion of the abstract, as per “local uses”, the total number of plant species adds up to 211. Then again, if out of 216 plants, “56 plants are unknown to the local”, that leaves 160 plant species. In that case how can “211 plants be used locally” if only 160 plants are known. Note that Annex 2 at the back of the paper gives 216 plant names.\r\nIntroduction\r\n(i) “History of Swat” is irrelevant.\r\n(ii) Under study area, elevation should probably be 3000 ft to 14,000 ft and not 1400 ft. The second paragraph is irrelevant.\r\n(iii) If 350 species have already been reported from Swat having medicinal and aromatic value, what is new in the present study?\r\n(iv) Paragraphs 4, 5 and 6 under study area can be shortened in to one small paragraph.\r\nMaterials and Methods\r\n(i) Abstract mentions study was conducted during summer, but Materials and Methods mention spring and summer.\r\n(ii) The questionnaire is not sufficiently outlined.\r\n(iii) “One person per 15 houses was contacted and interviewed”. What was the basis for selection of this person?\r\n(iv) NTFP, MAP – abbreviations like these must be given in full during first introduction within the text.\r\n(v) There are too many grammatical errors in Materials and Methods.\r\n(vi) What is the reference for “20 years old record”?\r\nResults and Discussion\r\n(i) First paragraph – total number of plant species is given as 220. Second paragraph – total number of plant species is given as 231. Do the authors really know how many plant species were involved because the numbers of plant species are spread all over the place in their paper.\r\n(ii) 2nd and 3rd paragraphs are irrelevant.\r\n(iii) Where is Annex 1?\r\n(iv) Table 1.1, table 1.2 and annex 2 can be combined in one Table.\r\n(v) What is the basis of results presented in Table 1.3?\r\n(vi) “Market Study” and “Extent of trade from the valleys” repetitive.\r\n(vii) Price fluctuation text mentions price “increasing many fold from collectors to the national markets and abroad”. Yet Table 1.4 shows in general 3-4 fold increase. How were the prices in national and international markets determined? Are the authors talking about a single national or international market? Surely there must be a range of prices between various national and international markets.\r\n(viii) Figure 2 should give a map of Pakistan outlining the various areas.\r\n(ix) How were the results (like distance traveled in km) shown in Table 1.5 determined?\r\n(x) Rest of the portion following Fig 2 is irrelevant and can be omitted.\r\nDiscussion\r\n(i) The Discussion portion is highly repetitive and can be considerably shortened.\r\n(ii) The conclusion in Discussion regarding Table 1.4 is not supported by data provided in Table 1.4.\r\nConclusion\r\n(i) If “several species of medicinal and aromatic plants are completely unknown to the community”, who classified them as medicinal and aromatic plants. Appropriate references should be given and those plant species be given in a separate Table.\r\n(ii) Conclusion part should be shortened and adequate references given for lines like “Chinese scientists to extract oil that is used to cure cancer”. Besides sentences like this are grammatically incorrect.','2009-02-07 22:08:54',NULL,1),(201,1,4096,283,257,1100,'Ethnobotanical evaluation of Some plant resources ,observation from the northern parts of ','Overall, the paper is too long, repetitive, without adequate references, and full of grammatical and spelling/typing errors. It can very easily be shortened and the various problems rectified prior to consideration for publication. In the present form, the paper is not suitable for publication in the Journal. More specifically, some of the problems with the paper are given below.','2009-02-07 22:08:54',NULL,0),(202,1,4096,225,234,1105,'Potential Folk Herbal Medicinal Weeds of Jaipur District, Rajasthan','Comment from Dr. Ananda R. Joshi\r\n\r\nTitle of the paper: Potential Folk Medicinal weeds of Jaipur District, Rajasthan\r\n ---S.C. Jain, Renuka Jain and Renu Singh\r\n\r\nThe draft paper has mentioned that the present ethnomedicinal study of weeds is the first record for Rajasthan. In this background, the paper can be published for its contribution. But some additions, amendments and revision are needed before publication. These are some comments \r\n\r\n1. Abstract is very vague. It should be clear with the brief description of \r\n (a) Justification and objectives of the study \r\n (b) methods follows \r\n (c) major findings and \r\n (d) contribution to the ethnobotany. \r\n So, it has to be rewritten. There should not be written the total number of flora \r\n (i.e. 25000) in that region.\r\n2. In chapter Introduction, Para 1, five line after 25000 effective herbal formulations, please add references.\r\n3. In materials and methods, \r\n4. (a) it is necessary to include the total periods of field survey, such as from …… \r\n to ………….. \r\n(b)The name Roop Singh should be include in Acknowledgment for his help for \r\n Identification of species. So, delete Roop Singh in the text and formulate new \r\n sentence. \r\n(c) It is not necessary to include Format A, B, and C in text. These aspects can be \r\n integrated in text if you want. Please delete the format A, B, and C.\r\n5. In result and discussion portion, some amendments and revision are needed.\r\n(a) Para 1, one to four lines up to table 1, rearrangement of the sentence is required to clarify your result presentation in systematic manner.\r\n(b) It is better to add the data of major diseases, such as …….. species are used for stomach disorder, ……….. species for ………………., ………… species for ………… etc.\r\n(c) the conclusion portion should be very specific relating to the contribution of the present work. \r\n6. In acknowledgement, please add Roop Singh for identification of species. \r\n7. References need to arrange following the present journal’s “ instruction to authors\r\n\r\nAfter the revision of the paper incorporating the corrections and amendment only, paper will be suitable to publish.','2009-02-10 05:38:39',NULL,0),(203,1,4096,285,258,449,'ETHNOBOTANICAL, MEDICINAL AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS:','Critical Evaluation:\r\n\r\nWritten in clear English\r\nThis article will require substantial editing. Although most of the required edits should be straightforward, there are several places where the meaning of words is unclear, for example, “ethological association” on p.2 and “organizational skill” in the passage “It has been observed from the present study that local people have a better knowledge of their natural resources with greater organizational skill” on page 6. \r\n\r\nSubject adequately conceptualized and contextualized.\r\nThe authors include a brief list of past work done in the region, but do not summarize the results of past studies in any way, nor do they describe how the present study differs or improves upon previous work in the region. They do include a description of the Kachchh district including discussion of the climate and list the predominant ethnic tribes from which they drew interview participants. Slightly more information about these ethnic tribes would have been a welcome addition.\r\n In the conclusion of the article, the authors argue that creation of a medicinal plant database on the Kachchh district is important because of the importance of medicinal plant conservation in the region, and because of the high risk of extinction that medicinal plants in the region experience. There is no data from the authors explaining which plants were rare or threatened with extinctions in Kachchh district or Gujarat State, or what risk factors affecting medicinal plants that they observed in this region or learned about from interviewing local people. None of the data presented seems relevant to this question, and no argument was made to link the data from this article with medicinal plant conservation concerns. From my reading of the article, the only plants that are noted as being sold commercially (under intense collection?) are under cultivation, which presumably means that they are not threatened with extinction. \r\nI would very much like to have seen this conservation argument integrated into the article from the start. There is no information on local tribe harvesting intensity or frequency, and the “poor transfer of traditional knowledge among different ethnic groups” (p. 6) was not investigated by this study, despite the availability of several different ethnic groups in the interview sample. It seems as if a better integration between conservation questions and the semi-structured interview would have yielded results that would be more relevant to this topic. Most problematically, detailed information on species of plant used is never provided, nor is there reference to an available way to access the database of plant species that was presumably developed during the course of this project. Without a closer link between the conclusions of the paper and methods and data, I am left questioning the relevance of this paper.\r\n\r\n\r\nMethods are reproducible and sufficiently described.\r\nThe “Materials and Methods” portion of this article would require substantial additions to render the study repeatable. This section provides a very brief and extremely general description of the survey instrument that does not give the reader sufficient information to understand who was interviewed, for how long, and in how many sessions, or even what sort of questions were asked. Were informants taken along on collection trips? Were all informants able to identify plants equally well? What does it mean that “unconfirmed specimens were further confirmed by showing photographs to the informants”? Were these photos of plant parts or whole plants, fresh or pressed? Also, how were the categories listed in the data tables (Traditional Herbalists, Shepherd, Farmer, Employees, Traders, Labours, Others) related to the categories of informants listed in the methods section (Laymen, Local People, Village Heads, Forest-dwelling Tribes, vaidyas and hakims)? This section is confusing and in my opinion will need to be rewritten substantially to support the rest of the article. \r\n\r\nHypotheses are tested and theories generated.\r\nI cannot identify original hypotheses tested in this article, nor can I identify any theories generated by the authors using the data from this article.\r\n\r\nConclusions follow from research methods and results. Author(s) suggest future work implied by the current work.\r\nAs mentioned above, I do not see how the conclusions are linked with the data, nor how the methods are linked with the data. It seems as if interesting future work can be done with the data that was presumably collected during the course of this project, but the data as presented here are hard to analyze meaningfully, and such analysis has not been done by the authors.\r\nTables and figures are clear and pertinent.\r\nI would very much have liked a list of species at some point in the paper, or at very least a source mentioned where these data are published in some way. Without an idea of which plants are considered to be in which category, it is hard to gain anything from the data presented. It is also impossible to replicate the study without a published accounting of which species were assigned to which groups. The same is true for plant parts…nowhere do the authors explain why the data were presented in this way. Why is it important that people used more leaves than whole plants? Does this have impacts on plant conservation? Why is it important that people used more herbs than twiners? In the absence of a discussion of the relevance of the groupings, I would much prefer more detailed information about species. In Table 1, I am very confused as to what the numbers in the columns represent. Nowhere is “preference ranking” explained sufficiently. At first I thought it must be the number of respondents that reported using each of the plant parts listed. However, if this is the case, then more traditional herbalists reported using bark than there were traditional herbalist respondents. Either I am misunderstanding the way the data are being reported or there are data errors.\r\n\r\nNo critical parts of the paper are missing. \r\nThe paper lacks integration between the data and the discussion/conclusion sections. The methods are insufficient to allow the study to be replicated.\r\n\r\nReviewers Appraisal: \r\n\r\na) Does this paper contribute something new to the science of ethnobotany and meet the criteria listed above? \r\nWhile the region may be understudied, and I do agree with the authors that a database of plant use in the region would be a valuable contribution to the science of ethnobotany, this article itself does not contribute meaningfully to the discipline, as it does not include any specific information about plant use (species used, diseases treated, collection practices) or about specific threats to medicinal plants in the region that, when addressed could lead to improved conservation efforts. There are also many ways (see above) in which the article would need to be revised in order to meet the criteria mentioned above.\r\n\r\nb) Would this paper be appealing to a broad range of ethnobotanists?\r\nI think that many ethnobotanists would be disappointed by the lack of specific information and frustrated by the poor integration between the evidence presented and the conservation argument of the discussion and conclusion.\r\n\r\nc) If the paper has some serious flaw, is there anything about the authors, the topic, or other criteria that should encourage the editor to pursue improvements and publication? \r\nThis paper would require a substantial revision to make it suitable for publication. Although from the article it seems as if medicinal plants are used extensively in this region, and the dearth of ethnobotanical research in the region may be a reason for medicinal plant database collection, the study presented in this article would need to be better described and the data recategorized and better conceptualized for the article to make a significant contribution.','2009-02-10 14:05:40',NULL,0),(204,1,4096,249,272,6,'Surviving on Knowledge: Ethnobotany of Chepang Community from Mid-hills of Nepal','This is an interesting manuscript that reports on a far larger number of useful plant species than most publications from the region (which tend to focus on medicinal species only). There are some minor inconsistencies (the number of plants differs from 433 to 435), but otherwise this is a well written manuscript.\r\n\r\nHowever, some issues need to be addressed before the MS could be considered for publication:\r\n\r\nILLUSTRATIONS\r\nFig. 1 has a very low resolution and needs to be improved\r\n\r\nMETHODS:\r\n- What does \"basically, semi structured interviews were conducted\" mean?? Was other research carried out? How?\r\n- What is the distinction between \"elder people\" and \"women\" Dies this mean male elders and women (w/o reference to the age)? Please clarify.\r\n- Only two healers were interviewed, both of them men. Didi this influence the results? Are there female healers, midwives etc.?\r\n- literature for plant identification should be cited\r\n\r\nRESULTS\r\nThe included tables are impressive, however the analysis of the data in this section is extremely short and descriptive. It would be much more interesting to get a more in-depth analysis of the data. It would also be useful to have at least some ecological data on the species. What is their distribution?\r\n\r\nTable 2 needs some formatting changes\r\n\r\nThe comparison to other studies should be extended.\r\n\r\nAppendix 1:\r\n- what doe the use categories \"Trade\" and \"Other\" mean? What are these plants traded or used for?\r\n- spelling of Latin names, as well as current taxonomy need to be checked\r\n- are there any voucher number for these plants?\r\n\r\n\r\nThis would be an interesting paper if the analysis were to be extended. Also, some language corrections are needed.\r\n\r\nDISCUSSION\r\nThe authors mention that some of the species used are poisonous. This would need a reference! \r\n\r\nCONCLUSIONS\r\nThe conclusions reiterate pretty much the discussion, and do not really give a concluding statement. This section should be expanded. The statements made would be more meaningful if accompanied by referemnces.','2009-02-11 12:01:57',NULL,1),(205,1,4096,249,272,6,'Surviving on Knowledge: Ethnobotany of Chepang Community from Mid-hills of Nepal','This is an interesting manuscript that reports on a far larger number of useful plant species than most publications from the region (which tend to focus on medicinal species only). There are some minor inconsistencies (the number of plants differs from 433 to 435), but otherwise this is a well written manuscript.\r\n\r\nHowever, some issues need to be addressed before the MS could be considered for publication:\r\n\r\nILLUSTRATIONS\r\nFig. 1 has a very low resolution and needs to be improved\r\n\r\nMETHODS:\r\n- What does \"basically, semi structured interviews were conducted\" mean?? Was other research carried out? How?\r\n- What is the distinction between \"elder people\" and \"women\" Dies this mean male elders and women (w/o reference to the age)? Please clarify.\r\n- Only two healers were interviewed, both of them men. Didi this influence the results? Are there female healers, midwives etc.?\r\n- literature for plant identification should be cited\r\n\r\nRESULTS\r\nThe included tables are impressive, however the analysis of the data in this section is extremely short and descriptive. It would be much more interesting to get a more in-depth analysis of the data. It would also be useful to have at least some ecological data on the species. What is their distribution?\r\n\r\nTable 2 needs some formatting changes\r\n\r\nThe comparison to other studies should be extended.\r\n\r\nAppendix 1:\r\n- what doe the use categories \"Trade\" and \"Other\" mean? What are these plants traded or used for?\r\n- spelling of Latin names, as well as current taxonomy need to be checked\r\n- are there any voucher number for these plants?\r\n\r\n\r\nThis would be an interesting paper if the analysis were to be extended. Also, some language corrections are needed.\r\n\r\nDISCUSSION\r\nThe authors mention that some of the species used are poisonous. This would need a reference! \r\n\r\nCONCLUSIONS\r\nThe conclusions reiterate pretty much the discussion, and do not really give a concluding statement. This section should be expanded. The statements made would be more meaningful if accompanied by referemnces.','2009-02-11 12:01:57',NULL,0),(206,1,4096,294,240,1145,'Ethnoecological Gradients and Patches for the Conservation of Woody Plant Diversity at Mt.','Reviewing would be much easier if the papers are double-spaced and contain line numbers. For my own convenience, I added line numbers to the manuscript starting on the first line of the title page.\r\n\r\nIntroduction—\r\n• Line 82: Why include a reference for a different mountain range?\r\n• Why no hypotheses? Since the authors have done previous ethnobotanical work in this area and they discuss other work in the discussion relating to resource use along elevational gradients.\r\n\r\nMethods—Much information missing that is needed to assess the field methods and analyses. \r\n• How are the 55 ecological plots distributed along the elevational gradient? Are there replicates at each elevation? How many? Figure 2 insufficient.\r\n• What was the minimum diameter of woody species <10cm dbh?\r\n• Need a table defining the vegetation units used in the text (example, line 157-158 “semi-evergreen or evergreen woodland stands”…is this two different units or one?). \r\n• Need to include information on any significant differences in moisture availability at the different elevations.\r\n• Line 127: Are you using Simpson’s dominance index or diversity? The diversity index does not analyze relative dominance. If diversity, need to clarify which Simpson’s index used (D, 1-D, 1/D).\r\n• Are #stems per plot equivalent? Need to account for difference in total stem # per hectare from the different elevational plots or cannot make structural, diversity, or compositional comparisons.\r\n• Line 131: how do you account for possible differences in stem number when comparing #uses between plots? Was this done within elevational groups? \r\n• Line 141: “how certain plots varied from the predicted altitudinal relationships”. There were no hypotheses listed in the introduction, so there were no predictions of relationships given. What does this mean?\r\n\r\nResults—\r\n• Need a table to help clarify first paragraph results.\r\n• Line 154: Simpson’s index problem- see above.\r\n• Line 170: see notes for figure 4\r\n• It is unclear how the home sites/farms are valid for comparison with the ecological plots in terms of vegetation structure. This must be addressed.\r\n• Line 180-182: these values need to be separated out by elevation and vegetation type.\r\n• Need to test for spatial autocorrelation (Mantel test) between villages and ecological plots.\r\n• Line 192: “only recorded”- does this mean that this species is not found in the ecological plots? If it is a native species, how do you explain this?\r\n• Why are the authors only analyzing results for trees >10cm dbh when data was collected for all woody species? Many useful species in other areas of the world are not large trees, but small trees, shrubs and vines due to their greater ease of access, biochemical characteristics, and other factors. It is reasonable to assume that Kenya also contains a great number of useful small-bodied woody species. If it is to compare to home sites/farms, as stated above, I do not believe the home sites/farms are a valid comparison for this study.\r\n• Line 211-212: “when access to these locations is more convenient”. What does this mean? This makes me want to see the results of a Mantel test.\r\n• No plot in figure 6 showing “uses by species richness” as stated in line 217.\r\n• Line 237: referencing wrong figure? \r\n• Line 250: there is no figure 9\r\n• Lines 237-243: reader has no frame of reference from which to judge these values so they are somewhat meaningless.\r\n\r\nFigures\r\n• Would be better to include figure 2 as a blow-up of the area marked by the star in figure one (the drawing should remain in figure 1)\r\n• Figure 2 insufficiently provides the necessary information. Should be converted to a table including all villages and ecological plots with elevations and vegetation types.\r\n• Figure 3 very unclear. Could be my resolution, but am not sure if journal resolution would be much better.\r\n• Figure 4: Need to remove home plots…have no meaning in altitudinal gradient since species composition and diversity based on home locations, not on altitude (or, at least, is confounded by plantings, management, etc).\r\n• Figure 4: Also, density relationship looks very weak. Are home plots included in trend line? If so, must remove them from analysis (see above).\r\n• Figure 4: Finally, how do you know that there are not large trees at lower elevation simply because people cut them down for wood, etc?\r\n• Figures 5 & 6: All plots have same story…no relationship until ~1000m. Then, usefulness drops sharply. This is NOT a case of a gradient of use, but an abrupt shift. These two groups of data should not be analyzed together, but independently. \r\n• If you looked for a trend up to 1000m, there would be none. There really is none between 1000-1300m, either. Of course, if these discreet groups are the elevational ranges of the different vegetational types, that must be explained at the beginning.\r\n• Figure 7: not informative. Needs village locations and elevations.\r\n\r\nDiscussion\r\n• Line 262: reword “study findings”\r\n• Line 262-264: “Our study findings identify altitudinal changes in the composition and structure of woody plants that substantiate high community or “beta” diversity on the mountain” Not supported by the given data and analyses.\r\n• Only discuss results for <10cm dbh species in the discussion, not the results. Need to move to results and include in analyses or remove them from the paper all together and be clear that only large trees were analyzed.\r\n• Line 278: Did Posey 1993 talk directly about this area of Kenya?\r\n• Line 276: “physical-environmental heterogeneity that occurs within elevation zones”. This needs to be discussed in the methods when describing the research location. It is essential to understanding the results.\r\n• Lines 291-4: “Residents utilize a high proportion of woody plants that for the most part serve many purposes around the base of the mountain (“milimanyi” in Kasigau Taita), but the number of plants with recorded uses in all the use categories significantly declines in the evergreen forest zone” This is the important finding! \r\n• Perhaps there are fewer useful species farther up simply because people don’t want to go up that far so don’t really know the plants at higher elevations??\r\n• 308-309: the plots from figures 5 & 6 simply indicate that there is equivalent usefulness of the plants up to about 1000m. Is the simplest explanation just that people are only willing/able to range a limited distance from their homes to collect food and other resources?\r\n•','2009-02-11 22:51:13',NULL,1),(207,1,4096,294,240,1145,'Ethnoecological Gradients and Patches for the Conservation of Woody Plant Diversity at Mt.','Reviewer recommendation:\r\n\r\nNot publishable in its current form. Further analyses needed (see above) before resubmission. This paper can be a valuable piece of work and, I believe, the authors have the data for an interesting result. Currently, however, the results are muddied by unfocused analyses and missing information in the Methods.','2009-02-11 22:51:13',NULL,0),(208,1,4096,292,244,694,'Botany Segue: A Photo Essay','The paper, “Botany Segue: A Photo Essay” presented a good model of a botany segue for other institutions to follow and apply in their respective classrooms. The photos used were presented in a logical order making it easy to follow the sequence of events. The expressions of the students showed that they seemed to be enjoying the classroom exercise. I thought this was a good model to help students learn about classification as well as have a positive experience with botany. \r\n\r\n\r\nIntroduction:\r\n\r\n•The explanation of the Botany Segue was great for those not familiar with the idea. \r\n\r\nThe Class Experience:\r\n\r\n•I thought the questions in the second paragraph emphasized good examples of research questions to ask when conducting this segue. Of course, the questions would need to be adapted according to locality. \r\n\r\nPhoto Essay:\r\n\r\n•Photos clearly demonstrated the classroom activities.\r\n\r\n•Figure 4 was particularly useful in depicting the types of visual aids used to help students in their naming process.\r\n\r\n•Figures 5 and 6 showed consistency between previous Botany Segue class setups.\r\n\r\n•Overall, the photos were a great way to depict the students’ reactions to this type of classroom activity.\r\n \r\n•The captions described the photos well, enhancing the understanding of the process without distracting from the photo essay itself.','2009-02-13 11:48:57',NULL,1),(209,1,4096,217,80,147,'THE ROLE OF INDICATOR SPECIES IN LOCATION OF FOUR SANSEVIERIA SPECIES IN THE WILD: A CASE ','The genus Sansevieria contains several useful species, and, given the importance of these species, the gathering of more ecologically relevant information is warranted. In addition, a large literature exists of studies employing the indicator species concept in both economic botany and ecology. The authors of this study proposed to examine species indicating the presence of Sansevieria to aid collectors in identifying the locations of economically important species in the genus. However, the study could be greatly improved by adding rigour to the analysis and improving the links with relevant literature.\r\n\r\nOf particular concern:\r\n\r\n1) The introduction and conclusion sections of the paper do not discuss the relevant literature in any detail. What other studies use indicator species? What methods have been used? Why are indicators needed for Sansevieria? How will the information change the collection of Sansevieria?\r\n\r\n2) The analysis was limited to calculations of frequencies of quadrats that contained the indicator species. No indication of density of indicators or of Sansevieria were used. Presumably the density of both would be relevant in the determination of the best indicator species. The study also did not mention any possible confounding variables that my have affected either the distribution of Sansevieria or the indicators. No comparisons were made among the sites where data were collected.','2009-02-13 12:20:35',NULL,1),(210,1,4096,217,80,147,'THE ROLE OF INDICATOR SPECIES IN LOCATION OF FOUR SANSEVIERIA SPECIES IN THE WILD: A CASE','This study lacks a detailed literature review. There is also no discussion of the implcations of this study for the collection or conservation of Sanseviera. In addition, the study\'s methdology and analysis lack rigor (no analysis of confounding variables, no accounting for density of target species, no analysis of difference between sampling sites). Several grammatical errors are also scattered throughout the paper. \r\n\r\nGiven the level of improvement needed, I would suggest rejecting this manuscript.','2009-02-13 12:20:35','2009-02-13 12:21:12',0),(211,1,4096,283,256,100,'Ethnobotanical evaluation of Some plant resources ,observation from the northern parts of ','Dear Editor,\r\n\r\nI think this is an interesting manuscrip, with a lot of valuable information, that is certainly worthy of publishing. I recommend however, that the authors do some thorough editing with the help of a native English speaker/writer and resubmit the manuscript for closer review. Rather than go through and edit each error, I have provided some guidelines. If the authors can work through some of this themselves, I am happy to do another edit and review of the resubmitted document. Here are some suggestions, guidelines and questions that you may relay to the authors:\r\n\r\n1. Need to explain what MAP species are.\r\n2. Provide more information about what was in the questionnaire.\r\n3. When listing classification of useful plants, it would be best to list in order from smallest to largest groups, as in medicinal, multipurpose, fuelwood, fodder and so on. Or alternatively in alphabetical order. Also do this for Table 1.2.\r\n4. Provide contextual information on the traditional medical system if possible.\r\n5. How was the 1 person per 15 houses selected?\r\n6. How was it determined that the local community did not know some of the useful plants around them?\r\n7. What are the species of wild vegetables and wild fruits?\r\n8. There is no space before a comma, only after. This error is repeated throughout.\r\n9. There should not be changes in line spacing, going back and forth between single to 1.5 throughout.\r\n10. There are inconsistencies in capitalization, such as \"spring and Summer\" and swat/Swat.\r\n11. Many minor grammatical errors, that need to be corrected by a native English writer.\r\n12. Authors state that women and children do most of the collection, but later state that men have more knowledge than women - any statistics for this statement? Or an explanation?','2009-02-16 16:20:48',NULL,0),(212,1,4096,292,249,51,'Botany Segue: A Photo Essay','The manuscript is intended to complement an earlier publication in ERA (Lau & al. 2009) by further explaining and illustrating the methods used in that classroom exercise/experiment. Because the authors of both of these papers invite other ethnobotanical researchers and educators to use this method and exchange data and results, it is useful to illustrate the methods exactly. Therefore, I think the paper is appropriate for publication in ERA on-line journal. The following comments are suggestions intended to make the paper more useful for that purpose:\r\n\r\n1) There are more images that are really necessary to illustrate the method. Images used should contribute to the goals of showing how the method can be used by others, or illustrating what happened in the exercise. Images that simply illustrate the particulars of the classroom at U Hawai‘i do not contribute to that goal, in my opinion. Therefore, I don’t feel that Figures 3 and 4 contribute much to explaining the method. Likewise, the concept in Figure 1 is self-explanatory without illustration, Figure 2 could probably be combined with Figure 7, and Figure 6 doesn’t add much more information if Fig. 5 is present (the captions could be combined). Most of the images of the students engaged in the activity are useful to illustrate what went on during the exercise. There are a lot of them, so perhaps they are not all needed, but they do provide some idea of the classroom atmosphere and student engagement. The final image of preparing an herbarium voucher should not be necessary – does this practice need to be illustrated to this audience?\r\n\r\n2) The classroom activity had dual goals: educational and experimental. The experimental goals are written up in the previous paper by Lau & al. 2009, but if the educational results are not included in the other MS in review (Reedy & al., which I have not seen), then they should be included here. How was the effectiveness of the activity as a teaching tool assessed? Were there assessments made of the students’ knowledge or interest (of plant species or folk taxonomy, etc.) before and after this exercise? What did the students learn about these topics by doing this activity?\r\n\r\n3) The authors invite others to replicate their experiment elsewhere, so as to be able to compare the results in other areas and with different cultures. Given that the plants included would certainly be different, and other aspects of the circumstances would also differ, what suggestions do the authors have for how best to conduct the experiment and collect the data, so that the studies would be most comparable? \r\n\r\n4) There are a few statements made in the text, for which no rigorous justification is made, and which could be debated. I think they should either be justified or removed. For instance:\r\n\r\n--Top of page 2:\r\n“In principle, this is not unlike what ethnobotanists do when they try to understand how different cultures name and categorize plants in the field.” \r\nReally? Are names made up for a class really equivalent to names used by cultures that have had years (decades? centuries? millennia?) of experience with living with and perhaps using the plants? These students not only lack ecological information, but also information on toxicity, palatability and flavor, growth form, cultural information, etc. etc. etc., so they were basing their names on very limited data. (This comment is also relevant to the last sentence above Fig. 7)\r\n\r\n--Paragraph above Fig 13:\r\n“Nevertheless, these different social naming patterns did not affect the overall results as the names were approved by consensus.” \r\nThere is no basis for this statement at all. Obviously, if only one person is creating the categories, and the others are only acquiescing to those names, that could result in different categories than if each person was working independently and making their own classification, or if the group was working more cooperatively, i.e., through the “collaborative discussion” shown in Fig. 16.\r\n\r\n--Very next sentence:\r\n“This naming process can be compared to the social acceptance of a neologism as it is firstly used by an individual (or small group) and them become [sic] widely accepted.”\r\nMaybe. It “can be compared,” perhaps, but since the latter process is rarely directly studied, we do not know whether they are truly similar. We have no way of knowing whether the made up names would ever be taken up and used by others. There is no problem with making the statement above, as long as it is acknowledged that the processes cannot be exactly the same.\r\n\r\n\r\nHere are as few more minor comments, mostly regarding wording:\r\n\r\n--Line 2 of abstract:\r\nstudents… were asked to *make up names for* 40…\r\n“asked to name” sounds as if it could mean “ask to identify”\r\n\r\n--Line 2 of Introduction:\r\nThe phrase “consensus techniques” here should be clarified, to distinguish this from the “cultural consensus analysis” techniques sometimes used in ethnobotany. At least, neither this paper nor the published one (Lau & al. 2009) mention using ANTHROPAC or other software to perform a consensus analysis on the pile sort data.\r\n\r\n--Last line of introduction:\r\n“alternative” is correct here, not “alternate”\r\n\r\n--2nd line of conclusions:\r\n“illustrate” is more appropriate here than “explicate”','2009-02-17 15:04:19',NULL,1),(213,1,4096,292,249,51,'Botany Segue: A Photo Essay','I realize that there is not a cost to \"print\" additional images, but my thinking reflects whether the images provide useful information. I am not hard line about that comment, if you think it is useful to include them all.\r\n\r\nThe suggestion is to accept with minor revisions as listed.','2009-02-17 15:04:19','2009-02-17 15:07:15',0),(214,2,512,293,293,966,'“Segues” in Botanica: una documentazione fotografica','Dear authors,\r\n\r\nAlthough the reviewers had very contrasting opinions, I believe that your photo essay fits very well into ERA. Please address some comments that you will find in the reviews of the English version of the essay. After addressing these the ms is ready to be accepted.\r\n\r\nGreetings,\r\nRainer\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer A:\r\nThe article is interesting, but the huge problem I see is that no results or real discussion on the experiment have been reported. A photographic documentation is surely important, but it does not mean anything in itself, unless this is put into a serious context/discourse on visual ethnobiology/anthropology.\r\nI suggest therefore the editors to reject the article.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\nThis MS is well written and gives a wonderful description of this very interesting class. The photographic documentation of the various components of the class is a valuable addition to the article. This article will be of particular use to professors teaching introductory botany classes in Italy - both in secondary education and college. The article is appropriate for publication in ERA. I don\'t see any need for revision of the MS and recommend publication.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-02-17 16:19:09',NULL,1),(215,2,512,292,292,966,'Botany Segue: A Photo Essay','Dear authors,\r\n\r\nI believe that your photo essay fits very well into ERA. Please address some comments that you will find in the reviews below. After addressing these the ms is ready to be accepted.\r\n\r\nGreetings,\r\nRainer\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer A:\r\nReview of ERA article submission # 292-1229 (Savo et. al)\r\nComments for the authors:\r\n\r\nThis article appears to fit well with the theme and intention of ERA. The concept of the photo essay is an appropriate way to describe the Botany Segue study from a methodological orientation, in conjunction with the publication of the Lau et al. (2009) article which presumably provides greater detail of information regarding the actual findings of the study. \r\n\r\nI recommend this paper for publication in ERA with the following suggestions taken into account:\r\n\r\nIt would be good to have a discussion of “study limitations” before the conclusion addressing the potential subjectivity of the photo essay approach and what measures were taken to be as objective as possible.\r\n\r\nAlso please address these suggestions based on the line numbers I have inserted into the attached paper draft:\r\n\r\nLine 15 Check verb tense: “have been” should be “were”\r\n\r\nLine 16 “previously known” should be placed between “use of” and “common names”\r\n\r\nLine 27 Were ALL of the students non-science majors? If not, this should be clarified. All consider if there were any ethnobotany majors taking part in the exercise and if you consider them science majors.\r\n\r\nLine 80 Were all specimens wild collected?\r\n\r\nLine 95 Insert “the” before “classroom env” and “a” before “positive”\r\n\r\nLine 218 Remove “s” from “plants.” Is there a photo from the Fall 2007 semester you can include for comparison?\r\n\r\nLine 369 Add “s” to “become”\r\n\r\nLine 565 Might there have been anyone else involved in the study who were not co-authors but should be considered for acknowledgment?\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer C:\r\nThe paper, “Botany Segue: A Photo Essay” presented a good model of a botany segue for other institutions to follow and apply in their respective classrooms. The photos used were presented in a logical order making it easy to follow the sequence of events. The expressions of the students showed that they seemed to be enjoying the classroom exercise. I thought this was a good model to help students learn about classification as well as have a positive experience with botany. \r\n\r\n\r\nIntroduction:\r\n\r\n•The explanation of the Botany Segue was great for those not familiar with the idea. \r\n\r\nThe Class Experience:\r\n\r\n•I thought the questions in the second paragraph emphasized good examples of research questions to ask when conducting this segue. Of course, the questions would need to be adapted according to locality. \r\n\r\nPhoto Essay:\r\n\r\n•Photos clearly demonstrated the classroom activities.\r\n\r\n•Figure 4 was particularly useful in depicting the types of visual aids used to help students in their naming process.\r\n\r\n•Figures 5 and 6 showed consistency between previous Botany Segue class setups.\r\n\r\n•Overall, the photos were a great way to depict the students’ reactions to this type of classroom activity.\r\n \r\n•The captions described the photos well, enhancing the understanding of the process without distracting from the photo essay itself.\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer D:\r\nThe manuscript is intended to complement an earlier publication in ERA (Lau & al. 2009) by further explaining and illustrating the methods used in that classroom exercise/experiment. Because the authors of both of these papers invite other ethnobotanical researchers and educators to use this method and exchange data and results, it is useful to illustrate the methods exactly. Therefore, I think the paper is appropriate for publication in ERA on-line journal. The following comments are suggestions intended to make the paper more useful for that purpose:\r\n\r\n1) There are more images that are really necessary to illustrate the method. Images used should contribute to the goals of showing how the method can be used by others, or illustrating what happened in the exercise. Images that simply illustrate the particulars of the classroom at U Hawai‘i do not contribute to that goal, in my opinion. Therefore, I don’t feel that Figures 3 and 4 contribute much to explaining the method. Likewise, the concept in Figure 1 is self-explanatory without illustration, Figure 2 could probably be combined with Figure 7, and Figure 6 doesn’t add much more information if Fig. 5 is present (the captions could be combined). Most of the images of the students engaged in the activity are useful to illustrate what went on during the exercise. There are a lot of them, so perhaps they are not all needed, but they do provide some idea of the classroom atmosphere and student engagement. The final image of preparing an herbarium voucher should not be necessary – does this practice need to be illustrated to this audience?\r\n\r\n2) The classroom activity had dual goals: educational and experimental. The experimental goals are written up in the previous paper by Lau & al. 2009, but if the educational results are not included in the other MS in review (Reedy & al., which I have not seen), then they should be included here. How was the effectiveness of the activity as a teaching tool assessed? Were there assessments made of the students’ knowledge or interest (of plant species or folk taxonomy, etc.) before and after this exercise? What did the students learn about these topics by doing this activity?\r\n\r\n3) The authors invite others to replicate their experiment elsewhere, so as to be able to compare the results in other areas and with different cultures. Given that the plants included would certainly be different, and other aspects of the circumstances would also differ, what suggestions do the authors have for how best to conduct the experiment and collect the data, so that the studies would be most comparable? \r\n\r\n4) There are a few statements made in the text, for which no rigorous justification is made, and which could be debated. I think they should either be justified or removed. For instance:\r\n\r\n--Top of page 2:\r\n“In principle, this is not unlike what ethnobotanists do when they try to understand how different cultures name and categorize plants in the field.” \r\nReally? Are names made up for a class really equivalent to names used by cultures that have had years (decades? centuries? millennia?) of experience with living with and perhaps using the plants? These students not only lack ecological information, but also information on toxicity, palatability and flavor, growth form, cultural information, etc. etc. etc., so they were basing their names on very limited data. (This comment is also relevant to the last sentence above Fig. 7)\r\n\r\n--Paragraph above Fig 13:\r\n“Nevertheless, these different social naming patterns did not affect the overall results as the names were approved by consensus.” \r\nThere is no basis for this statement at all. Obviously, if only one person is creating the categories, and the others are only acquiescing to those names, that could result in different categories than if each person was working independently and making their own classification, or if the group was working more cooperatively, i.e., through the “collaborative discussion” shown in Fig. 16.\r\n\r\n--Very next sentence:\r\n“This naming process can be compared to the social acceptance of a neologism as it is firstly used by an individual (or small group) and them become [sic] widely accepted.”\r\nMaybe. It “can be compared,” perhaps, but since the latter process is rarely directly studied, we do not know whether they are truly similar. We have no way of knowing whether the made up names would ever be taken up and used by others. There is no problem with making the statement above, as long as it is acknowledged that the processes cannot be exactly the same.\r\n\r\n\r\nHere are as few more minor comments, mostly regarding wording:\r\n\r\n--Line 2 of abstract:\r\nstudents… were asked to *make up names for* 40…\r\n“asked to name” sounds as if it could mean “ask to identify”\r\n\r\n--Line 2 of Introduction:\r\nThe phrase “consensus techniques” here should be clarified, to distinguish this from the “cultural consensus analysis” techniques sometimes used in ethnobotany. At least, neither this paper nor the published one (Lau & al. 2009) mention using ANTHROPAC or other software to perform a consensus analysis on the pile sort data.\r\n\r\n--Last line of introduction:\r\n“alternative” is correct here, not “alternate”\r\n\r\n--2nd line of conclusions:\r\n“illustrate” is more appropriate here than “explicate”\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-02-17 16:20:06',NULL,1),(216,2,512,292,292,6,'Botany Segue: A Photo Essay','Accepted after minor revison','2009-02-17 16:20:34',NULL,0),(217,2,512,293,293,6,'“Segues” in Botanica: una documentazione fotografica','Accepted after minor revison','2009-02-17 16:20:52',NULL,0),(218,2,256,283,283,1120,'Ethnobotanical evaluation of Some plant resources ,observation from the northern parts of ','Dear Hassan Sher,\r\n\r\nAt this point we\'re sorry to inform you know that your manuscript cannot be accepted in its present form, to be published in the ERA journal. \r\nThe reviewers have provided several comments and suggestions. You can resubmit your manuscript after the revisions have been appropriately accounted for. \r\nThe reviews are pasted in this email.\r\nLooking forward to your revised draft.\r\nRegards,\r\nVandana\r\nvandana@hawaii.edu\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer A:\r\nI think this is an interesting manuscript, with a lot of valuable information, that is certainly worthy of publishing. I recommend however, that the authors do some thorough editing with the help of a native English speaker/writer and resubmit the manuscript for closer review. Rather than go through and edit each error, I have provided some guidelines. If the authors can work through some of this themselves, I am happy to do another edit and review of the resubmitted document. Here are some suggestions, guidelines and questions that you may relay to the authors:\r\n\r\n1. Need to explain what MAP species are.\r\n2. Provide more information about what was in the questionnaire.\r\n3. When listing classification of useful plants, it would be best to list in order from smallest to largest groups, as in medicinal, multipurpose, fuel wood, fodder and so on. Or alternatively in alphabetical order. Also do this for Table 1.2.\r\n4. Provide contextual information on the traditional medical system if possible.\r\n5. How was the 1 person per 15 houses selected?\r\n6. How was it determined that the local community did not know some of the useful plants around them?\r\n7. What are the species of wild vegetables and wild fruits?\r\n8. There is no space before a comma, only after. This error is repeated throughout.\r\n9. There should not be changes in line spacing, going back and forth between single to 1.5 throughout.\r\n10. There are inconsistencies in capitalization, such as \"spring and Summer\" and swat/Swat.\r\n11. Many minor grammatical errors, that need to be corrected by a native English writer.\r\n12. Authors state that women and children do most of the collection, but later state that men have more knowledge than women - any statistics for this statement? Or an explanation?\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer B:\r\nOverall, the paper is too long, repetitive, without adequate references, and full of grammatical and spelling/typing errors. It can very easily be shortened and the various problems rectified prior to consideration for publication. In the present form, the paper is not suitable for publication in the Journal. More specifically, some of the problems with the paper are given below.\r\n\r\nAbstract\r\nThe number of plant species mentioned in different parts of the abstract does not match up. For instance it is mentioned “the study revealed 216”, whereas it is again mentioned in the abstract “they were classified as 153 herbs, 37 trees, 26 shrubs, 4 climbers”, i.e. a total of 220. In another portion of the abstract, as per “local uses”, the total number of plant species adds up to 211. Then again, if out of 216 plants, “56 plants are unknown to the local”, that leaves 160 plant species. In that case how can “211 plants be used locally” if only 160 plants are known. Note that Annex 2 at the back of the paper gives 216 plant names.\r\nIntroduction\r\n(i) “History of Swat” is irrelevant.\r\n(ii) Under study area, elevation should probably be 3000 ft to 14,000 ft and not 1400 ft. The second paragraph is irrelevant.\r\n(iii) If 350 species have already been reported from Swat having medicinal and aromatic value, what is new in the present study?\r\n(iv) Paragraphs 4, 5 and 6 under study area can be shortened in to one small paragraph.\r\nMaterials and Methods\r\n(i) Abstract mentions study was conducted during summer, but Materials and Methods mention spring and summer.\r\n(ii) The questionnaire is not sufficiently outlined.\r\n(iii) “One person per 15 houses was contacted and interviewed”. What was the basis for selection of this person?\r\n(iv) NTFP, MAP – abbreviations like these must be given in full during first introduction within the text.\r\n(v) There are too many grammatical errors in Materials and Methods.\r\n(vi) What is the reference for “20 years old record”?\r\nResults and Discussion\r\n(i) First paragraph – total number of plant species is given as 220. Second paragraph – total number of plant species is given as 231. Do the authors really know how many plant species were involved because the numbers of plant species are spread all over the place in their paper.\r\n(ii) 2nd and 3rd paragraphs are irrelevant.\r\n(iii) Where is Annex 1?\r\n(iv) Table 1.1, table 1.2 and annex 2 can be combined in one Table.\r\n(v) What is the basis of results presented in Table 1.3?\r\n(vi) “Market Study” and “Extent of trade from the valleys” repetitive.\r\n(vii) Price fluctuation text mentions price “increasing many fold from collectors to the national markets and abroad”. Yet Table 1.4 shows in general 3-4 fold increase. How were the prices in national and international markets determined? Are the authors talking about a single national or international market? Surely there must be a range of prices between various national and international markets.\r\n(viii) Figure 2 should give a map of Pakistan outlining the various areas.\r\n(ix) How were the results (like distance traveled in km) shown in Table 1.5 determined?\r\n(x) Rest of the portion following Fig 2 is irrelevant and can be omitted.\r\nDiscussion\r\n(i) The Discussion portion is highly repetitive and can be considerably shortened.\r\n(ii) The conclusion in Discussion regarding Table 1.4 is not supported by data provided in Table 1.4.\r\nConclusion\r\n(i) If “several species of medicinal and aromatic plants are completely unknown to the community”, who classified them as medicinal and aromatic plants. Appropriate references should be given and those plant species be given in a separate Table.\r\n(ii) Conclusion part should be shortened and adequate references given for lines like “Chinese scientists to extract oil that is used to cure cancer”. Besides sentences like this are grammatically incorrect.\n________________________________________________________________________\r\nEthnobotany Research & Applications\r\nhttp://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/','2009-02-17 18:10:52',NULL,1),(219,1,4096,294,270,92,'Ethnoecological Gradients and Patches for the Conservation of Woody Plant Diversity at Mt.','Very interesting paper, and a good method of getting communities involved in conservation. \r\n\r\nA few minor comments/questions:\r\n\r\n1) In the abstract, I find it helpful to numerically separate your two study questions in the second sentence. By preceding the research questions with numbers, it helps with the flow.\r\n\r\n2) In the first paragraph, you have to references where you add \"for the biodiversity hotspots\" and \"for the human-modified forests\". I didn\'t find it necessary to include this, but it\'s a personal preference thing.\r\n\r\n3) In the next paragraph when referencing Holt, after the year, you list \"p.213\", but in other citations, when listing page, you do not list the \"p.\". It should be consistent through the manuscript.\r\n\r\n4) How were the 55 ecological plots placed along the altitudinal transects? Where more plots put in certain forest types, where the randomly placed along a trail? Where they put ever 100 m of elevational change?\r\n\r\n5) In the results, you mention \"A polynomial regression significantly fits the trend but only explains 24% (R2 = 0.24, prob. < 0.001) of the variability in species richness\", are you explaining this in the discusion, with \"..physical-environmental heterogeneity that occurs within elevation zones \"','2009-02-20 19:03:09',NULL,1),(220,1,4096,294,270,92,'Ethnoecological Gradients and Patches for the Conservation of Woody Plant Diversity at Mt.','I find this paper an interesting study on ethnoecological gradients and conservation, I find it a good approach to getting the communities involved into conservation work, and capacity building. The science seems solid and through, and meets the criteria listed above.\r\n\r\nI feel this paper would be appealing to a broad range of ethnobotanist, as it incorporates a number of different topics from ecology, broad use categories, and conservation. \r\n\r\nI do not believe this paper has serious flaws, and should be considered for publication after addressing the few minor comments I made in the previous section, mainly issues with clarification on methodology.','2009-02-20 19:03:09','2009-02-20 19:05:18',0),(221,2,512,294,294,1144,'Ethnoecological Gradients and Patches for the Conservation of Woody Plant Diversity at Mt.','Dear author,\r\n\r\nreview of your paper is now complete and the comments of the reviewers are included in this mail. Please carefully consider all comments and provide a revised version of the manuscript, together with a letter indicating how you addressed the individual reviewer comments. After resubmission of the revised version we will contact the reviewers for a final decision on the manuscript.\r\n\r\nRegards,\r\nRainer Bussmann\r\n\r\n------------------------------------------------------\r\nReviewer A:\r\nThis paper presents interesting data of undoubted value for local conservation purposes. However, I am not convinced that the paper addresses the subject of ethnoecology at all. You have demonstrated that species diversity varies across the landscape, and that certain areas containing more plants perceived as useful are more heavily exploited. However, to me \"ethnoecology\" would refer to explorations of local people\'s understanding of local plant communities\' nature, function, or variation or practices intended to affect the composition of those communities. Just the fact that people know more uses for plants in a certain area does not, to me, constitute ethnoecology, rather ethnobotany. Moreover, I am at a loss to know what an \"ethnoecological gradient\" (from the title) or \"ethnoecological [plant] diversity\" (from the concluding paragraph) might be. I suggest that these terms be either deleted or rigorously explained.\r\n\r\nI wou